| Palaeotriakis Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Subdivision: | Selachimorpha |
| Order: | Carcharhiniformes |
| Family: | Triakidae |
| Genus: | † Palaeotriakis Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013 |
Paleotriakis is a genus of ground sharks that lived in the Late Cretaceous period of France. [1]
This genus includes two species that are originally described as species of Paratriakis .
However, for P. curtirostris, later studies still support its classification as a species of Paratriakis. [2] [3]
The Hexanchiformes are a primitive order of sharks, that numbering just seven extant species in two families. Fossil sharks that were apparently very similar to modern sevengill species are known from Jurassic specimens.
The Lamniformes are an order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks. It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white, as well as more unusual representatives, such as the goblin shark and megamouth shark.
Elasmobranchii is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish, including modern sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish. Members of this subclass are characterised by having five to seven pairs of gill clefts opening individually to the exterior, rigid dorsal fins and small placoid scales on the skin. The teeth are in several series; the upper jaw is not fused to the cranium, and the lower jaw is articulated with the upper. The details of this jaw anatomy vary between species, and help distinguish the different elasmobranch clades. The pelvic fins in males are modified to create claspers for the transfer of sperm. There is no swim bladder; instead, these fish maintain buoyancy with large livers rich in oil.
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Hybodus is an extinct genus of hybodont, a group of shark-like euselachians that lived from the Late Devonian to the end of the Cretaceous. Species closely related to the type species Hybodus reticulatus lived during the Early Jurassic epoch. Numerous species have been assigned to Hybodus spanning a large period of time, and it is currently considered a wastebasket taxon that is 'broadly polyphyletic' and requires reexamination.
Hybodontiformes, commonly called hybodonts, are an extinct group of shark-like cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) which existed from the late Devonian to the Late Cretaceous. Hybodonts share a close common ancestry with modern sharks and rays (Neoselachii) as part of the clade Euselachii. They are distinguished from other chondrichthyans by their distinctive fin spines and cephalic spines present on the heads of males. An ecologically diverse group, they were abundant in marine and freshwater environments during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, but were rare in open marine environments by the end of the Jurassic, having been largely replaced by modern sharks, though they were still common in freshwater and marginal marine habitats. They survived until the end of the Cretaceous, before going extinct.
Gladioserratus is an extinct genus of cow shark. It contains three species:
Meristodonoides is an extinct genus of hybodont. The type species is M. rajkovichi, which was originally a species in the genus Hybodus. The species, along with other Hybodus species such as H. butleri and H. montanensis, was reassigned to Meristodonoides by Charlie J. Underwood and Stephen L. Cumbaa in 2010. The species is primarily known from remains from the Cretaceous of North America, spanning from the Aptian/Albian to Maastrichtian, making it one of the last surviving hybodont genera, though records of the genus likely extend back as far as the Late Jurassic, based on an undescribed skeleton from the Tithonian of England, and fragmentary teeth from the Kimmeridgian of Poland, England and Switzerland. Other remains of the genus are known from the Coniacian of England, and the Aptian-Albian of France. The morphology of the teeth suggests an adaptation to tearing prey. Fossils from the Western Interior Seaway suggest that it preferred nearshore marine environments, being absent from deeper-water areas, with it likely also being able to tolerate brackish and freshwater conditions.
Orectoloboides is an extinct genus of wobbegong sharks. It was described by Cappetta in 1977. A new species, O. angulatus, was described from the Cenomanian age of Canada by Charlie J. Underwood and Stephen L. Cumbaa in 2010.
This list of fossil fish species is a list of taxa of fish that have been described during the year 2012. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2013 is a list of new taxa of placoderms, fossil cartilaginous fishes and bony fishess of every kind that have been described during the year 2013. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
Pseudocorax is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains six valid species that have been found in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and North America. It was formerly assigned to the family Anacoracidae, but is now placed in its own family Pseudocoracidae along with Galeocorax. The former species "P." australis and "P." primulus have been reidentified as species of Echinorhinus and Squalicorax, respectively.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2017 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and other fishes of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that are scheduled to occur in the year 2017. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
Paracestracion is an extinct genus of heterodontiform sharks from Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous-aged rocks of England, France, Germany and Luxembourg. The genu was first described in 1911 by Ernst Hermann Friedrich von Koken in Karl Alfred von Zittel.
Eoptolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that lived during the Cretaceous. It contains two valid species, E. eccentrolopha and E. supracretacea, which have been found in Europe and North Africa.
Adnetoscyllium is an extinct genus of bamboo shark from the Cretaceous period. It is currently monotypic, containing only the species A. angloparisensis. The genus is named for prominent paleoichthyologist, Dr. Sylvain Adnet. The specific epithet refers to the range which is thus far restricted to the Anglo-Paris Basin of France and the United Kingdom.
Egertonodus is an extinct genus of shark-like hybodont fish. It includes E. basanus from the Jurassic of Europe and North Africa and Cretaceous of North America, North Africa and Europe, and E. duffini from the Middle Jurassic of England. Indeterminate remains of the genus have been reported from the Early Cretaceous of Asia. E. basanus is known from preserved skull material, while E. duffini is only known from teeth. The genus is distinguished from Hybodussensu stricto by characters of the skull and teeth. E. basanus, the most common species, is thought to have reached 1.5 m in length. E. fraasi from the Late Jurassic of Germany, known from a poorly preserved full body fossil, was placed in Egertonodus in one study, but this has been subsequently questioned by other authors, due to strong differences in tooth morphology from the type species. Fossils have been found in freshwater and lagoonal environments.
Planohybodus is an extinct genus of hybodont, known from the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Bathonian-Barremian) of Europe and the Indian subcontinent. Fossils have been found in marine as well as freshwater environments. The genus contains 3 confirmed species, two of which were originally assigned to the genus Hybodus. Possible records have been reported from the Late Jurassic of Mexico, the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of North America, but these are unconfirmed. Planohybodus peterboroughensis is suggested to have reached lengths of 2–3 metres (6.6–9.8 ft). A specimen of the ammonite genus Orthaspidoceras from the Late Jurassic of France has been found with an embedded tooth of Planohybodus, suggesting that while the teeth of Planohybodus were adapted to tearing soft bodied prey, it would attack hard-shelled prey at least on occasion.
Parvodus is an extinct genus of hybodont, known from the Mesozoic era.
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