Pantar

Last updated
Pantar
Native name:
Pulau Pantar
Nusa Tenggara Timur.png
Map of the islands of East Nusa Tenggara, including Pantar
Pantar
Geography
Coordinates 8°15′S124°45′E / 8.250°S 124.750°E / -8.250; 124.750
Archipelago Alor archipelago, Lesser Sunda Islands
Area776.12 km2 (299.66 sq mi)
Administration
Indonesia
Province East Nusa Tenggara
Regency Alor
Largest settlementBaranusa and Kabir
Demographics
Population47,275 (mid 2023 estimate)
Pop. density60.9/km2 (157.7/sq mi)

Pantar (Indonesian : Pulau Pantar) is the second largest island in the Indonesian Alor Archipelago, after Alor. To the east is the island of Alor and other small islands in the archipelago; to the west is the Alor Strait, which separates it from the Solor Archipelago. To the south is the Ombai Strait, and 72 kilometres (45 mi) away, the island of Timor. To the north is the Banda Sea. Pantar is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north-to-south, and varies from 11 to 29 kilometres (6.8 to 18.0 mi) in east–west width. It has an area of 776.12 square kilometres (299.66 sq mi). The main towns on the island are Baranusa and Kabir. Administratively, the island is part of the Alor Regency.

Contents

Geography

The island consists of two distinct geographic zones. The eastern zone is dominated by a range of verdant hills which drop steeply to the coast of the Alor Strait. The western zone is relatively flat, consisting of a plain which gently slopes to the west from Mount Sirung, an 862-metre-high (2,828-foot) active volcano. The western zone is characteristically drier and much less densely populated than the eastern zone. Owing to its relatively low elevation, the entire island is drier than neighboring Alor. The dry season is long, interspersed with heavy rainfall during the rainy season, which peaks during January and February.

Aerial view of Mount Sirung Sirung volcano, Pantar island, Alor Archipelago, Indonesia.jpg
Aerial view of Mount Sirung

History

The earliest written reference to Pantar is in the fourteenth-century Javanese poem Nagarakretagama, which describes the power and extent of the empire ruled by the fourth king of Majapahit, Hayam Wuruk. Pantar is referred to with the term 'Galiao', which is known in the Alor archipelago. [1] The precise location of the Majapahit dependency within Pantar is a subject of discussion. [2] [3] [4]

Economy

The economy is dominated by subsistence agriculture and fishing. The most common crops are rice, corn, and cassava. Crops are harvested annually in April and stored for consumption throughout the dry season. Excess production is sometimes traded for fish or to help support school children studying in the district capital of Kalabahi. Recently,[ when? ] commercial production of seaweed has been promoted along the north coast. A limited craft industry focused on ikat weaving is centered in Baranusa. Tourism remains underdeveloped, though a small dive resort was recently[ when? ] established on the northeast coast.

Baranusa harbor, Pantar Baranusa.jpg
Baranusa harbor, Pantar

Transportation

Until 2021, access to the island was by water only. Pantar Airport was opened in March 2021, near the village of Kabir. It has a single paved runway 2,950ft in length. Small wooden power boats ply the route between Alor and Pantar daily, serving numerous communities. The state-run ferry serves Baranusa weekly between Kalabahi (Alor) and Larantuka (Flores).

Administrative Districts

The island comprises five districts (kecamatan) of Alor Regency, tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census [5] and the 2020 census, [6] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. [7] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of villages (rural desa and urban kelurahan) in each district, and its post code. Eight small offshore islands are included within these districts.

Kode
Wilayah		NameEnglish nameArea
in km2		Population
census
2010		Population
census
2020		Population
estimate
mid 2023		Admin
centre		No.
of
villages		Post
codes
Kode
Wilayah		Name of
District
(kecamatan)		English nameArea
in
km2		Pop'n
census
2010		Pop'n
census
2020		Pop'n
estimate
mid 2023		Admin
centre		No.
of
villages		Post
codes
53.05.06Pantar (a) [8] 119.828,79810,06911,090Kabir11 (b)85881
63.05.09Pantar Barat (c) [9] West Pantar58.716,7296,8787,758Baranusa785880
53.05.14Pantar Timur (d) [10] East Pantar141.4410,74011,36812,102Bakalang1185884
53.05.17Pantar Barat Laut (e) [11] Northwest Pantar150.134,2764,9465,421Marisa785882
53.05.16Pantar Tengah [12] Central Pantar306.029,3139,75010,904Maliang1085883
PantarTotal Pantar Island776.1239,85643,01147,27546

Notes: (a) includes just the northern part of Pantar Island. (b) includes the kelurahan of Kabir. (c) includes offshore islands of Pulau Kura and uninhabited Batang and Lapang.
(d) includes offshore Pulau Treweng. (e) includes offshore islands of Pulau Kangge and uninhabited Kambing, Rusa and Tikus.

Languages

At least eight different languages are spoken on Pantar. These include at least five (dependent on classification) Papuan languages belonging to the Alor–Pantar family (Western Pantar, Sar, Blagar, Nedebang, and Kaera) as well as the Austronesian language Alorese. A small community of Bajau speakers is located north of Kabir. Local varieties of Malay and more standardized Indonesian are used as languages of wider communication. [13]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Barnes, R.H. 1982. "The Majapahit dependency Galiyao". Bijdragen Tot De Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde. 138 (4): 407-412.
  2. ↑ Rodemeier, Susanne. 1995. "Local tradition on Alor and Pantar; An attempt at localizing Galiyao". Bijdragen Tot De Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia. 151 (3): 438-442.
  3. ↑ Holton, Gary. 2010. An etymology for Galiyao. Manuscript. University of Alaska at Fairbanks. https://www.academia.edu/2091684
  4. ↑ Kondi, Dominicus Dionitius Pareira, and Alexius BoEr Pareira. 2010. The stranger-kings of Sikka with an integrated edition of two manuscripts on the origin and history of the rajadom of Sikka. Leiden: KITLV Press.
  5. ↑ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  6. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  7. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Alor Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305)
  8. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Pantar Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5307010)
  9. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Pantar Barat Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5307011)
  10. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Pantar Timur Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5307012)
  11. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Pantar Barat Laut Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5307013)
  12. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Pantar Tengah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5307014)
  13. ↑ Klamer, Marian. 2010. A Grammar of Teiwa. Berlin: Mouton.

8°25′00″S124°07′01″E / 8.41667°S 124.117°E / -8.41667; 124.117

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