Papuodendron | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malvales |
Family: | Malvaceae |
Subfamily: | Malvoideae |
Tribe: | Hibisceae |
Genus: | Papuodendron C.T.White |
Type species | |
Papuodendron lepidotum |
Papuodendron is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. [1] In 1946 Cyril Tenison White described its first species, Papuodendron lepidotum , which was discovered growing in 1944 in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. [2] Its native range is New Guinea. [1]
Papuodendron is an arborescent genus, [2] i.e. plants are tree-like. [3]
The type species, Papuodendron lepidotum, was provisionally classified as a new species of Cumingia by Ulbricht, but was formally described as belonging to the then new genus of Papuodendron by White. [4] The higher classification of Papuodendron has been revised over time. White originally placed Papuodendron within the family Bombacaceae, [2] but noted similarities to both the family Bombacaceae and the tribe Hibisceae: Papuodendron is similar to the Bombacaceae in the arrangement of the anthers, [2] but similar to the Hibisceae in that the medullary rays do not feature tile cells, [2] a type of ray cell found within the wood of some trees, [5] which are a feature of the Bombacaceae. [2] White's placement of Papuodendron within the Bombacaceae was known to be problematic given its similarities to the Hibisceae, [6] and in 1960 André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans reduced the genus to Hibiscus , [7] thus transferring it to the Hibisceae. In 1966, Jan van Borssum Waalkes returned Papuodendron to the Bombacaceae, [8] albeit hesitantly. [9] In 2000, phylogenetic analysis showed Papuodendron to be within the Malviodeae, and that it was a sister genus to Hibiscus, thus supporting the placement of the genus within the Hibisceae. [10] By 2004, it was settled that Papuodendron belongs to the Malvaceae (within the subfamily Malvoideae) rather than the Bombacaceae. [11]
In 1960, when Kostermans transferred Papuodendron from the family Bombacaceae to the family Malveaceae, he also reduced the genus to Hibiscus on the basis the only difference between the two genera was the position of the anthers, which he considered insufficient to differentiate them. [7] In 1972, Wilhelmus Albertus van Heel supported Kostermans's reduction of Papuodendron to Hibiscus on the basis of anatomical studies showing insufficient differences to support Papuodendron being considered a different genus. [12] The 2000 phylogenetic analysis placing Papuodendron within the Hibisceae did not directly address whether it is a distinct genus. [10] As of 2022, there is ongoing debate as to whether Papuodendron is a distinct genus from Hibiscus: Plants of the World Online considers them distinct genera, but notes that Maarten J. M. Christenhusz et al. cite Papuodendron as Hibiscus. [1]
As of 2022, Plants of the World Online lists the genus as comprising two species: [1]
The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots.
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia. The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus, Pavonia, Sida, Ayenia, Dombeya, and Sterculia.
Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus Bombax. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view, and currently the preference is to transfer most of the erstwhile family Bombacaceae to the subfamily Bombacoideae within the family Malvaceae in the order Malvales. The rest of the family were transferred to other taxa, notably the new family Durionaceae. Irrespective of current taxonomic status, many of the species originally included in the Bombacaceae are of considerable ecological, historical, horticultural, and economic importance, such as balsa, kapok, baobab and durian.
Thespesia is a genus of 14 flowering shrubs and trees in the Hibiscus family, Malvaceae, although within the family they are more closely related to cotton plants (Gossypium). The genus is distributed from the South Pacific through Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
Kosteletzkya is a genus of the plant family Malvaceae that includes the seashore mallow. It includes about 27 species found worldwide.
Malvoideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, which includes in the minimum the genus Malva. It was first used by Burnett in 1835, but was not much used until recently, where, within the framework of the APG System, which unites the families Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae of the Cronquist system, the aggregate family Malvaceae is divided into 9 subfamilies, including Malvoideae. The Malvoideae of Kubitzki and Bayer includes 4 tribes:
Dr. André Joseph Guillaume Henri 'Dok' Kostermans was an Indonesian botanist of Dutch ancestry. He was born in Purworejo, Java, Dutch East Indies, and educated at Utrecht University, taking his doctoral degree in 1936 with a paper on Surinamese Lauraceae.
Lagunaria is a genus in the family Malvaceae. It is an Australian plant which is native to Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and parts of coastal Queensland. It has been introduced to many parts of the world. The genus was named for its resemblance to the earlier genus Laguna Cav., which was named in honour of Andrés Laguna, a Spanish botanist and a physician to Pope Julius III.
Hibisceae is a tribe of flowering plants in the mallow family Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae.
Durian Burung is a small border town in Mukim Batang Tunggang Kiri, Padang Terap District, Kedah, Malaysia. Across the border is Ban Prakop of Songkhla, Thailand.
Lewis Leonard Forman was a British botanist, born in London. He was an expert on spermatophytes, particularly Menispermaceae, and specialised in the plants of Southeast Asia. He graduated from the University of London in 1950 and was appointed to the staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1951, serving as a senior official there from 1966 to 1989.
Carex capillacea, common name yellowleaf sedge in Tasmania, is a species of sedge found in Assam, the far east of Russia, New Guinea, south east Australia, New Zealand, Malesia, China, Japan and India.
Durioneae is a tribe within the subfamily Helicteroideae of the plant family Malvaceae s.l. The tribe contains at least five genera, including Durio, the genus of tree species that produce Durian fruits.
Durio graveolens, sometimes called the red-fleshed durian, orange-fleshed durian, or yellow durian, is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae. It is one of six species of durian named by Italian naturalist Odoardo Beccari. The specific epithet graveolens is due to the odor. Although most species of Durio have a strong scent, the red-fleshed type of D. graveolens has a mild scent. It is native to Southeast Asia.
Trichospermum galeottii is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It was first described by Russian botanist Nikolai Turczaninow and it was given its current name by André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans in 1962. Its native range spans the area between Mexico and Northwestern Venezuela and Peru.
Jarandersonia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae.
Durio macrantha is a species of durian.
Nepenthes harauensis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Harau region of West Sumatra. Nepenthes harauensis is closely allied in its morphology to N. bongso and N. singalana, however, it differs by its leaf characters that is thickly coriaceous and petiolate, elliptic-oblong in shape, and distinctive peltate tendril insertion.
Papuodendron lepidotum is a rainforest tree endemic to New Guinea, and belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is sometimes lumped with Hibiscus as Hibiscus lepidotum and as such, at 140 feet is by far the tallest of the Hibiscuses. It is relatively slender at two foot D.B.H. Leaves are ovate or lanceo-ovate. Fruit is a five-parted dry capsule about 1.5 inch long by 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in width.
Abelmoschus hostilis is a rare species of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family. It is native to Bangladesh and Myanmar and is known as "Kantabhendi" in Bengali.
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