Paradise threadfin

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Paradise threadfin
Polynemus paradiseus.png
preserved specimen Pakistan
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Polynemidae
Genus: Polynemus
Species:
P. paradiseus
Binomial name
Polynemus paradiseus
Linnaeus 1758
Synonyms [2]
  • Polynemus risua Hamilton, 1822
  • Polynemus aureusHamilton, 1822
  • Polynemus toposuiHamilton, 1822
  • Polynemus longifilis Cuvier, 1829
Paradise threadfins swimming in captivity.

The paradise threadfin (Polynemus paradiseus) is a species of catadromous ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in south and southeast Asia in freshwater rivers where it is a valued food fish.

Contents

Description

The paradise threadfin is a medium-sized species of threadfin which attains a maximum length of 30 centimetres (12 in), although the type of measurement used was not given, a more normal length is a total length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in). [2] It has a pointed snout and the head's dorsal profile is almost horizontal. There are two separate dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin has 8 spines with each one having a base of a similar size to the others. The second dorsal fin contains a single spine and 14 or 15 soft rays. The anal fin has 2 spines and normally has 12 soft rays, its base is shorter in length than the base of the second dorsal-fin. The pectoral fins contain 15 to 18 unbranched rays and its tip almost reaches to the origin of the anal fin origin, although it is relatively longer in juvenile. There are 7 pectoral filaments the longest being up to 2.5 times the standard length. The caudal fin is deeply forked and neither of its lobs are filamentous. The lateral-line is simple and runs from the upper end of the gill slit to the middle of the rear margin of the caudal fin, the lateral line contains 66-71 pored scales. The head and body are greyish-black above and yellow below, The front parts of both dorsal fins are greyish black with the rest of the fins being pale yellow. The pectoral and pelvic fins are completely a vivid yellow. The pectoral filaments are bright yellow at their base fading to whitish yellow at their tips. The anal fin is wholly coloured yellow. The rear edge of the caudal fin is yellow and the rest of the tail is greyish black. [3]

Distribution

The paradise threadfin is found in the Indo-Pacific region. [2] It occurs from Pakistan, on both coasts of India, the Bay of Bengal and the Philippines. It countries it has been recorded from include Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. In India it is found in the basins of the Brahmaputra and the Ganges and in Indonesia it has only been recorded from Sumatra, [1] although these needs confirmation. [3] Its presence in Malaysia is uncertain. [1]

Habitat and biology

The paradise threadfin occurs where there are sand substrates [2] in estuaries and in offshore waters down to depths of 27 metres (89 ft) but it breeds in fresh water so it has to regularly migrate into rivers. It is a carnivorous species which feeds on crustaceans, small fishes and benthic organisms. This species has separate sexes and there is no evidence of hermaphroditism. It is thought that paradise threadfins in the Hooghly River spawn from April to September and females sampled during October are almost all spent. [3]

Fisheries

The paradise threadfin is one of the most important species for fisheries in eastern India and in Myanmar. [3]

Related Research Articles

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Threadfins are silvery grey perciform fish of the family Polynemidae. Found in tropical to subtropical waters throughout the world, the threadfin family contains eight genera and about 40 species. An unrelated species sometimes known by the name threadfin, Alectis indicus, is properly the Indian threadfish.

Atlantic threadfin Species of fish

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Yellow grouper Species of fish

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<i>Eleutheronema tetradactylum</i> Species of fish

Eleutheronema tetradactylum, the fourfinger threadfin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which occurs in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean.

Giant African threadfin Species of fish

The giant African threadfin is a species of ray-finned fish from the threadfin family Polynemidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa.

<i>Polydactylus sexfilis</i> Species of fish

Polydactylus sexfilis, the six-finger threadfin or yellowthread threadfin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

King threadfin Species of fish

The king threadfin, also known as the blind salmon, blink tassel-fish, burnett salmon, gold threadfin, king salmon, kingfish, Sheridan threadfin, triped tassel fish, or threadfin salmon, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in southern New Guinea and northern Australia.

Clinus brevicristatus, the Cape klipfish, is a species of clinid that occurs in subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean around South Africa where it prefers habitats with plentiful growth of seaweed. This species can reach a maximum length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL.

Indian threadfin Species of fish

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Stargazing stonefish Genus of fishes

The stargazing stonefish is a species of stonefish native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean where it is found on muddy bottoms in estuaries. This venomous species is also a minor component of local commercial fisheries. This species grows to a length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in) SL. This species is the only known member of the genus Trachicephalus.

<i>Polynemus multifilis</i> Species of fish

Polynemus multifilis, the elegant paradise fish is a species of ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in rivers in southeast Asia.

Polynemus aquilonaris, commonly known as the northern paradise fish, is a fish of the threadfin family Polynemidae. It is native to the large rivers of mainland Southeast Asia.

<i>Polydactylus sextarius</i> Species of fish

Polydactylus sextarius, the blackspot threadfin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is native to the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans.

<i>Polydactylus plebeius</i> Species of fish

Polydactylus plebeius, the striped threadfin, also known as the common threadfin, Northern threadfin or puttynose, is a species of marine fish native to the Indo-Pacific.

<i>Caesio cuning</i> Species of fish

Caesio cuning, the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, yellowtail fusilier, red-bellied fusilier or robust fusilier, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a fusilier belonging to the family Caesionidae. It is native to the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

The dwarf paradise fish, also known as the streamer threadfin or streamered tasselfish, is a species of ray-finned fish from a family Polynemidae, the threadfins. It is the only species in the genus Parapolynemus and it is found in Australia and New Guinea.

<i>Polynemus</i> Genus of fishes

Polynemus is a genus of threadfins. They are native to South and Southeast Asia and, depending on the species, occur in freshwater, brackish, and/or marine environments.

<i>Filimanus</i> Genus of fishes

Filimanus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, threadfins from the family Polynemidae.

Lesser African threadfin Species of fish

The lesser African threadfin is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of Africa.

Royal threadfin Species of fish

The royal threadfin is a species of ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae, the threadfins. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of Africa.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Chakrabarty, P.; Pal, M. (2018). "Polynemus paradiseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T166641A1139783. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T166641A1139783.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Polyemus paradiseus" in FishBase . December 2019 version.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hiroyuki Motomura & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2004). Threadfins of the World (family Polynemidae): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Polynemid Species Known to Date (PDF). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Vol. 3. Food & Agriculture Org.
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