Carangiformes is a large, diverse order of ray-finned fishes within the clade Percomorpha. It is part of a sister clade to the Ovalentaria, alongside its sister group, the Anabantaria (including Anabantiformes and Synbranchiformes). The Carangiformes have been long regarded as a monotypic order with only the familyCarangidae within it by some authorities, and the other current families within the order have been previously classified as part of the wider order Perciformes. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classify six families within Carangiformes,[2] with more recent authorities expanding the order to include up to 30 families, based on phylogenetic evidence.[3]
This order has often been either subsumed within Perciformes or used exclusively to refer to families classified within the suborder Carangoidei. However, more recent studies using genetic data have found such a placement to be paraphyletic, and have incorporated many more groups into it, including the highly unusual flatfishes.
This classification is from Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification.[5]
The Coryphaenidae, Rachycentridae, and Echeneidae have been suggested to comprise a monophyletic grouping, which has been recovered as a sister clade to the Carangidae.[2] A basal member of this clade is thought to be Ductoridae from the early Eocene.[6]
Traditional Classification
In past classifications such as Fishes of the World 5, Carangiformes were restricted to these families. This placement is now known to be paraphyletic:[2]
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