Citharidae

Citharidae Temporal range: Eocene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Citharoides macrolepis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Clade:	Percomorpha
Order:	Carangiformes
Suborder:	Pleuronectoidei
Family:	Citharidae de Buen, 1935
Type genus
Citharus Artedi, 1793
Subfamilies
Brachypleurinae Citharinae

The Citharidae or largescale flounders are a small family of flounders with four genera. Three genera are restricted to the Indo-Pacific, while Citharus is from the Mediterranean and East Atlantic (off northwest Africa). There are a total of seven species. Species reach lengths ranging between 14 and 36 centimetres (5.5 and 14.2 in). ^[1]

Taxa include:

• Subfamily Brachypleurinae
  • Genus Brachypleura
    • Brachypleura novaezeelandiae  – yellow-dabbled flounder
  • Genus Lepidoblepharon
    • Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis  – scale-eyed flounder
• Subfamily Citharinae
  • Genus Citharoides
    • Citharoides axillaris
    • Citharoides macrolepidotus  – branched ray flounder
    • Citharoides macrolepis  – twospot largescale flounder
    • Citharoides orbitalis
  • Genus Citharus
    • Citharus linguatula  – spotted flounder

The extinct genus † Rhombocitharus Schwarzhans, 1994 is known from fossil otoliths from the early-mid Eocene of Denmark, the Oligocene of Germany, and the Oligocene to Miocene of New Zealand. ^{[2] [3]}

References

1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Citharidae de Buen, 1935". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
2. Schwarzhans, Werner (2007-11-29). "Otoliths from casts from the Eocene Lillebaelt Clay Formation of Trelde Naes near Fredericia (Denmark), with remarks on the diet of stomatopods". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 246 (1): 69–81. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0246-0069. ISSN   0077-7749.
3. "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2025-07-23.

• Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN   0-471-25031-7.

External links

• Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Citharidae". FishBase . October 2012 version.