Bothidae

Last updated

Lefteye flounders
Temporal range: Early Oligocene–present
Arnoglossus laterna 2.jpg
Scaldfish, Arnoglossus laterna
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Carangiformes
Suborder: Pleuronectoidei
Family: Bothidae
Smitt, 1892
Type genus
Bothus
Rafinesque, 1810
Genera

See text

Bothidae or lefteye flounders are a family of flounders. They are called "lefteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their right sides, with both eyes on their left sides. [1] The family is also distinguished by the presence of spines on the snout and near the eyes. [2]

Contents

Lefteye flounders vary considerably in size between the more than 160 species, ranging from 4.5 cm (1.8 in) to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length. [2]

Taxonomy

The following genera are placed in this family:

The following fossil genera are also known:

In 2025, a number of bothid genera were moved to their own families Monolenidae, Grammatobothidae, and Taeniopsettidae, after phylogenetic analyses noted the taxonomic complexity of this family. Many other genera within this family are likely paraphyletic. [7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Bothidae". FishBase . February 2006 version.
  2. 1 2 Chapleau, Francois & Amaoka, Kunio (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 224–225. ISBN   0-12-547665-5.
  3. ↑ Chanet, Bruno; Schultz, Orwin (1994). "Pleuronectiform fishes from the Upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) of St. Margarethen (Austria)". Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien (96): 95–115.
  4. ↑ Campbell, Matthew A.; Chanet, Bruno; Chen, Jhen-Nien; Lee, Mao-Ying; Chen, Wei-Jen (2019). "Origins and relationships of the Pleuronectoidei: Molecular and morphological analysis of living and fossil taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 48 (5): 640–656. doi:10.1111/zsc.12372. ISSN   1463-6409.
  5. ↑ Kovalchuk, Oleksandr; Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Dubikovska, Anastasiia; Świdnicka, Ewa; Stefaniak, Krzysztof; Khekalo, Olga; Barkaszi, Zoltán (2025). "Oligocene flatfishes (Teleostei, Pleuronectiformes) of the Outer Carpathian Basin" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 0 e2520490. doi:10.1080/02724634.2025.2520490. ISSN   0272-4634.
  6. ↑ "Oranobothus arambourgi n.g. n.sp.(Pisces, Pleuronectiformes, Bothidae) provenant du Messinien (Miocène supérieur) d'Oran (Algérie)". Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4ème série – section C – Sciences de la Terre, Paléontologie, Géologie, Minéralogie. 18 (4): 555–568. 1996.
  7. ↑ Tongboonkua, Pakorn; Chanet, Bruno; Chen, Wei-Jen (2025). "Integrated Molecular and Morphological Analyses Resolve Long-Standing Classification Challenges in the Sinistral Flatfish Family Bothidae (Teleostei: Carangiformes)" . Zoologica Scripta. n/a (n/a) zsc.70020. doi:10.1111/zsc.70020. ISSN   1463-6409.
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