Paralabrax

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Paralabrax
Paralabrax clathratus 2.jpg
Paralabrax clathratus (kelp bass)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Serraninae
Genus: Paralabrax
Girard, 1856
Type species
Labrax nebulifer
Girard, 1854 [1]
Species

See text.

Synonyms [2]
  • Atractoperca Gill, 1861
  • GoniopercaGill, 1862

Paralabrax is a genus of fishes in the family Serranidae. They are known commonly as rock basses. [3] The nine species in the genus are native to rocky reef habitat in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans, where they are often dominant predators in the ecosystem. [3] They are also commercially important in local fisheries. [3]

Contents

Biology

Like many fish in the family Serranidae, some Paralabrax species are hermaphrodites, specifically protogynous hermaphrodites, which are female when young and eventually change into males. Others are gonochores, with individuals being either male or female and never changing sex. Gonochores in this genus are thought to be "secondary gonochores", species with ancestors that were hermaphrodites and lost the ability to change sex. An exception is the barred sand bass (P. nebulifer), which is a gonochore which has retained the ability. [4] In addition, the spotted sand bass (P. maculatofasciatus) appears to be flexible, with some populations made up of gonochores and some made up of hermaphroditic individuals. [5]

Paralabrax species generally spawn early in summer, their larvae joining the ichthyoplankton when the water is warmest. [6]

Economic importance

spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus) at a fish market in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico Cabrillas.jpg
spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus) at a fish market in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

Several species are of economic importance as food fish. The spotted sand bass (P. maculatofasciatus) is harvested in the commercial fishing industry and is caught for subsistence. [7]

Some of these fish are also popular catches in recreational fishing. The kelp bass (P. clathratus) and barred sand bass (P. nebulifer) are sought after in the waters along the coast of Southern California and northern Baja California, where they have both been in the top three species caught on commercial sportfishing tours. [8]

Systematics

This genus is a basal clade in the Serraninae, the basal subfamily in the family Serranidae. In terms of its evolutionary history, these fish species have characteristics that were present in the earliest known members of the family. [3] [9] A phylogenetic analysis showed that the grey threadfin sea-bass (Cratinus agassizii) is the sister taxon to genus Paralabrax. [3]

Species include: [10]

Related Research Articles

Serranidae Family of fishes

The Serranidae are a large family of fishes belonging to the order Perciformes. The family contains about 450 species in 65 genera, including the sea basses and the groupers. Although many species are small, in some cases less than 10 cm (3.9 in), the giant grouper is one of the largest bony fishes in the world, growing to 2.7 m in length and 400 kg (880 lb) in weight. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.

Black sea bass Species of fish

The black sea bass is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean where it is an important species for commercial and recreational fisheries.

<i>Epinephelus</i> Genus of fishes

Epinephelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world. They are important target species for fisheries.

<i>Paralabrax clathratus</i> Species of fish

Paralabrax clathratus, the kelp bass, bull bass or calico bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae, classified as part of the family Serranidae which includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the eastern North Pacific Ocean where it is an important species for both recreational and commercial fisheries.

<i>Epinephelus andersoni</i> Species of fish

Epinephelus andersoni, the catface grouper, brown-spotted grouper, catface rockcod or brown spotted rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is associated with reefs.

<i>Plectropomus</i> Genus of fishes

Plectropomus, commonly known as the coral groupers, is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Paralabrax dewegeri, the vieja, vieja parrot rock-bass or meo viejo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae, classified as part of the family Serranidae which includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic along the northern coast of South America.

<i>Serranus</i> Genus of fishes

Serranus is a genus of fish in the family Serranidae. It is one of five genera known commonly as the "Atlantic dwarf sea basses". These fish are hermaphrodites, each individual possessing functional male and female reproductive tissues. When a pair spawns, one fish acts as a male and the other acts as a female.

<i>Serranus tortugarum</i>

Serranus tortugarum, the chalk bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae, classified as part of the family Serranidae which includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. This species is found in the aquarium trade.

<i>Serranus tigrinus</i>

Serranus tigrinus, the harlequin bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae, classified as part of the family Serranidae which includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. This species is found in the aquarium trade.

<i>Centropristis</i> Genus of fishes

Centropristis is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes which is a member of the subfamily Serraninae of the family Serranidae, which includes the groupers and anthias. There are five species distributed in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Fishes of this genus are known commonly as sea basses.

Barred sand bass Species of fish

The barred sand bass, Paralabrax nebulifer, is a species of fish in the family Serranidae, the sea basses and groupers. It is native to California and Baja California, where it lives in the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Rypticus</i> Genus of fishes

Rypticus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, related to the groupers and classified within the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. It is one of several genera of soapfishes. These fish live in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans in tropical and warmer temperate zones.

<i>Chelidoperca</i> Genus of fishes

Chelidoperca, commonly known as perchlets, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes which is a member of the subfamily Serraninae of the family Serranidae, which includes the groupers and anthias. They are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Spotted sand bass

The spotted bay bass is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae, classified as part of the family Serranidae which includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the central eastern Pacific Ocean.

Serraninae

The Serraninae is a subfamily of perciform ray-finned fishes in the family Serranidae. It is made up of ten genera and 87 species.

<i>Diplectrum</i> Genus of fishes

Diplectrum, commonly known as sand perches, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes which is a member of the subfamily Serraninae of the family Serranidae, which includes the groupers and anthias. There are 12 species distributed in the western Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Parasphyraenops is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes from the subfamily Serraninae, which is one of three subfamilies in the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and groupers. These fishes are found in the central western Atlantic Ocean.

The school bass is a species of marine ray-finned fish, it is the only member of the monotypic genus Schultzea which is part of the subfamily Serraninae which itself is classsified within the family Serranidae, along with the anthias and groupers. It is found in the western central Atlantic Ocean. This species is found in deeper waters near coral reefswhere it forms small groups which feed on plankton. The school bass is a synchronous hermaphrodite. The generic name honours the American ichthyologist Leonard Peter Schultz (1901-1986) who was Curator of Fishes at the United States National Museum who examined the specimens described by Loren P. Woods (1914-1979) as Schultzea campachanus, which was later shown to be a synonym of Hildebrand's Serranus beta.

The pygmy sea bass is a species of marine ray-finned fish, it is the only member of the monotypic genus Serraniculus which is classified under the subfamily Serraninae, one of three subfamilies in the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and groupers. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean and the northern Gulf of Mexico from South Carolina south to the northern coasts of South America but is absent from the Bahamas and the West Indies. It lives among sea grass growing onnsandy or shell bottoms beds down to depths of 45 metres (148 ft) and feeds on small benthic crustaceans. It is a synchronous hermaphrodite. This species attains a maximum total length of 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in).

References

  1. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Paralabrax". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Serraninae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Pondella, D. J., et al. (2003). The phylogeny of Paralabrax (Perciformes: Serranidae) and allied taxa inferred from partial 16S and 12S mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29, 176-84.
  4. ↑ Hovey, C. B., et al. (2002). The reproductive pattern of barred sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer) from southern California. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report 43 174-81.
  5. ↑ Hovey, T. E. and L. G. Allen. (2000). Reproductive patterns of six populations of the spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, from Southern and Baja California. Copeia 2000(2) 459-68.
  6. ↑ Oda, D. L., et al. (1993). Reproductive biology of three California species of Paralabrax (Pisces: Serranidae). California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report 34, 122-32.
  7. ↑ Loflen, C. L. (2013). Examination of spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus) pollutant bioaccumulation in San Diego Bay, San Diego, California. PeerJ 1:e213 DOI 10.7717/peerj.213.
  8. ↑ Love, M. S., et al. (1996). Aspects of the life histories of the kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus, and barred sand bass, P. nebulifer, from the southern California Bight. Fishery Bulletin 94(3), 472-81.
  9. ↑ Sadovy, Y. and M. L. Domeier. (2005). Perplexing problems of sexual patterns in the fish genus Paralabrax (Serranidae, Serraninae). Journal of Zoology 267(2), 121-33.
  10. ↑ Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds. Species List: Paralabrax. FishBase. 2014.
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