Parnassius apollonius

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Eversmann's Apollo
Apollonius CRW 4336.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Parnassius
Species:
P. apollonius
Binomial name
Parnassius apollonius
(Eversmann, 1847) [1]

Parnassius apollonius is a member of the snow Apollo genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. It is found in central and south Kazakhstan, the south Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan, Ghissar-Darvaz, the Pamirs-Alai and west China. [2]

Contents

Parnassius apollonius and allied species Macrolepidoptera01seitz 0033.jpg
Parnassius apollonius and allied species

This species is found from a broad altitudinal zone (500 to 3,000 m). Adults fly over dry mountain slopes in May, June and July depending on the altitude. [2]

Larval host plants include Pseudosedum , and Rosularia species. [2]

Diagnostic description

Note. The wing pattern in Parnassius species is inconsistent and the very many subspecies and forms make identification problematic and uncertain. Structural characters derived from the genitalia, wing venation, sphragis and foretibial epiphysis are more, but not entirely reliable. The description given here is a guide only. For an identification key see Ackery P.R. (1975). [3]

P. apollonius is recognizable especially by the sharply defined black submarginal spots of both wings; moreover, in males there is hardly a distinct greyish vitreous marginal band, the edge being however a little more sparsely scaled with white than the disc and only anteriorly shaded with grey. Arrangement of spots as in the allied species; three costal spots beyond the cell, the central one being usually vestigial, the proximal or the distal one or both centred with red, the hindmarginal spot rarely quite black. Hindwing with red basal spot; the abdominal area deep black, anal spots present; on the underside three red basal spots, one of them situated behind the cell, being much more distal than the others and more feebly marked. Female washed with blackish grey, almost transparent, costal and hindmarginal spots of forewing more broadly filled in with red; hindwing without black abdominal area, being here only dusted with black as on disc. Antenna and abdomen black above, the latter sparsely clothed with white hairs. [4]

Subspecies

Museum specimens of Parnassius apollonius WW 05 B8698.jpg
Museum specimens of Parnassius apollonius

There are many subspecies. The better described ones include: [2]

Related Research Articles

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Parnassius delphius, the banded Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Central Asia. It is a member of the genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae.

<i>Parnassius acdestis</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius acdestis is a high-altitude butterfly found in India. It is a member of the genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1891.

<i>Parnassius clodius</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius clodius is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in the United States and Canada. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius ariadne</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius ariadne is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Central Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius eversmanni</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius eversmanni, or Eversmann's parnassian, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in eastern Russia, Mongolia, Japan, Alaska, and the Yukon. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was named to honour Eduard Friedrich Eversmann.

<i>Parnassius stubbendorfi</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius stubbendorfi is a high-altitude butterfly found in Russia, Altai Mountains across central, south, and far east Siberia, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands and from Mongolia across north China to west Korea and Japan (Hokkaido). It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius cephalus</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius cephalus is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Tibet and west China. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1891.

<i>Parnassius nomion</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius nomion, the Nomion Apollo, is a forest steppe butterfly which is found in the Urals, Altai, south Siberia, Amur and the Ussuri region, Mongolia, China and Korea. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius tenedius</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius tenedius, the tenedius Apollo, is an east Palearctic member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). Populations range from Siberia and the Far East of Russia to the western Chukchi Peninsula, Mongolia and north China. The larva feeds on Corydalis species. In the northern part of its range it is a low altitude butterfly; further south it is montane.

<i>Parnassius orleans</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius orleans is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Mongolia, western China and Tibet. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. It was named after Prince Henri of Orléans who discovered it.

<i>Parnassius szechenyii</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius szechenyii is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in western China. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was first described by Imre Frivaldszky in 1886.

<i>Parnassius cardinal</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius cardinal, the cardinal Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in north Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). The species was first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1887.

<i>Parnassius felderi</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius felderi, the Felder's Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Amur, Ussuri and China, North Korea and Japan. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, (Papilionidae).

<i>Chazara briseis</i> Species of butterfly

Chazara briseis, the hermit, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found in North Africa, southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia through Afghanistan, and north-western China and Tuva. It is found on steppe and in other dry grassy places between 500 and 2,500 meters.

<i>Melitaea arduinna</i> Species of butterfly

Melitaea arduinna, or Freyer's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from south-eastern Europe across Asia Minor to central Asia and the Altai. The habitat consists of steppe-clad slopes.

<i>Chazara heydenreichi</i> Species of butterfly

Chazara heydenreichi is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found from Hindu Kush and the W. Himalaya across Middle Asia and Kazakhstan to the S. Altai.

<i>Pseudochazara hippolyte</i> Species of butterfly

Pseudochazara hippolyte is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is confined from the southern Urals across Kazakhstan and northern Tian-Shan to Transbaikalia, Mongolia and northern Tibet.

<i>Pseudochazara turkestana</i> Species of butterfly

Pseudochazara turkestana is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is confined to Afghanistan through the mountains of Middle Asia to the south-west Altai.

<i>Polygonia interposita</i> Species of butterfly

Polygonia interposita is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Ghissar to the Altai Mountains, north-western China, the Himalayas and Mongolia. The habitat consists of gorges and slopes up to 2,500 meters above sea level.

References

  1. ↑ Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1847 p. 71
  2. 1 2 3 4 P. V. Bogdanov, A. L. Devyatkin, L. V. Kabak, V. A. Korolev, V. S. Murzin, G. D. Samodurov, E. A. Tarasov, and V. K. Tuzov (1997) Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Volume 1: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae. Pensoft. ISBN   954-642-018-2
  3. ↑ Ackery P.R. (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
  4. ↑ Stichel in Seitz, 1906 (Parnassius). Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die Groß-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, Stuttgart.

Further reading

Parnassius apolloniusSv  [ sv ] Swedish Wikipedia provides further references and synonymy

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