Parnassius glacialis

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Glacial Apollo
ParnassiusGlacialis1937.jpg
Paratype of P. g. shikokuensis from Isizuchi, Shikoku, Japan
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Parnassius
Species:
P. glacialis
Binomial name
Parnassius glacialis
Butler, 1866
In Mount Ryozen, Japan Parnassius glacialis in Mount Ryozen 2011-06-04.jpg
In Mount Ryōzen, Japan

Parnassius glacialis, the glacial Apollo or Japanese clouded Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly found in Japan, eastern China, and Korea. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus ( Parnassius ) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). [1]

Contents

Description

P. glacialis (Takashi et al. 2001) is much larger than Parnassius stubbendorfi of which it was once considered a subspecies. The blackish grey central spot of the cell is sometimes connected with the apical cell-spot by fuscous dusting along the sides of the cell, and the submarginal band of the forewing is more or less distinct and complete. The abdominal area of hindwing is deep black as far as the cell, clothed with white hairs; on and along the veins with blackish dusting. Collar, coxae and abdomen are laterally clothed with yellow or reddish yellow hairs. The wing underside is slightly yellow. In some Japanese specimens (from Hakodate) the cell-spots and the submarginal band of the forewing have entirely disappeared, or are only feebly indicated. [2]

Classification

P. glacialis has fifteen subspecies [3] (mostly described by Felix Bryk and Curt Eisner). For a list of subspecies types in the British Museum (Natural History), see Ackery, P. R. (1973) A list of the type-specimens of Parnassius (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 29 (1) (9.XI.1973): 1—35, 1 pl. [4]

Range

It is found in eastern China, Korea and Japan. The type locality is "in Hakodadi (North Japan)" (by lectotype designation).Hakodadi is located near the southern limit of Hokkaido.

Status

This butterfly is abundant but threatened by urbanisation in some areas.

Identification

The Parnassius genus of butterflies is often hard to identify and can sometimes only be identified by dissection of the genitalia. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clouded Apollo</span> Species of butterfly

The clouded Apollo is a butterfly species of the family of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) found in the Palearctic realm.

<i>Parnassius stoliczkanus</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius stoliczkanus, the Ladakh banded Apollo, is a rare high-altitude butterfly which is found in Central Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family. It is named after the naturalist and explorer Ferdinand Stoliczka.

<i>Parnassius delphius</i> Species of butterfly

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<i>Parnassius acdestis</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius acdestis is a high-altitude butterfly found in India. It is a member of the genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1891.

<i>Parnassius actius</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius actius, also known as the scarce red apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly found in Central Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius</i> Genus of insects

Parnassius is a genus of northern circumpolar and montane butterflies usually known as Apollos or snow Apollos. They can vary in colour and form significantly based on their altitude. They also exhibit altitudinal melananism, a high-altitude adaptation. They have dark bodies and darker coloring at the base of their wings, which allows them to absorb solar energy more quickly.

<i>Parnassius apollonius</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius apollonius is a member of the snow Apollo genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. It is found in central and south Kazakhstan, the south Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan, Ghissar-Darvaz, the Pamirs-Alai and west China.

<i>Parnassius clodius</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius clodius is a white butterfly which is found in the United States and Canada. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). Its elevation range is 0–7,000 ft (0–2,134 m).

<i>Parnassius ariadne</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius ariadne is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Central Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius eversmanni</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius eversmanni, or Eversmann's parnassian, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in eastern Russia, Mongolia, Japan, Alaska, and the Yukon. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was named to honour Eduard Friedrich Eversmann.

<i>Parnassius stubbendorfi</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius stubbendorfi is a high-altitude butterfly found in from the Altai Mountains across central, south, and far east Siberia, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands and from Mongolia across north China to west Korea and Japan (Hokkaido). It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius bremeri</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius bremeri is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Russia, Korea and China. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). Over its vast range, the species varies widely in morphology and many subspecies have been described.

<i>Parnassius cephalus</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius cephalus is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Tibet and west China. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1891.

<i>Parnassius boedromius</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius boedromius is a high-altitude butterfly found in Asia. It has a restricted range, known only along the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang, China. Formerly a subspecies of Parnassius simo. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius nomion</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius nomion, the Nomion Apollo, is a forest steppe butterfly which is found in the Urals, Altai, south Siberia, Amur and the Ussuri region, Mongolia, China and Korea. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius orleans</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius orleans is a high altitude butterfly which is found in Mongolia, western China and Tibet. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. It was named after Prince Henri of Orléans who discovered it.

<i>Parnassius szechenyii</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius szechenyii is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in western China. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. The species was first described by Imre Frivaldszky in 1886.

<i>Parnassius cardinal</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius cardinal, the cardinal Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in north Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). The species was first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1887.

<i>Parnassius felderi</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius felderi, the Felder's Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Amur, Ussuri and China, North Korea and Japan. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family, (Papilionidae).

<i>Parnassius staudingeri</i> Species of butterfly

Parnassius staudingeri is a high-altitude butterfly which is found over a vast area - Pamirs, Altay Mountains, Hindu Kush, Karakorum and west Kuen-Lun.

References

  1. ↑ D'Abrera, Bernard, 1990 Butterflies of the Holarctic Region: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae and Satyridae (Partim) (Butterflies of the World) Hill House Publishers ISBN   0646012029
  2. ↑ Stichel in Seitz, 1906 (Parnassius). Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die Groß-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, Stuttgart.
  3. ↑ Palanisamy, Giri; San gil, Inigo (2010-07-03). "The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)". SciVee. doi:10.4016/19006.01 (inactive 2024-06-11). Retrieved 2023-01-27.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (link)
  4. ↑ British Museum (Natural History) (1973–74). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. London Natural History Museum Library. London : BM(NH).
  5. ↑ Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf

Further reading

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