Penstemon californicus

Last updated

Penstemon californicus
Penstemon californicus - Sula Vanderplank 01.jpg
Blooming near Constitution 1857 National Park, Baja California, Mexico
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. californicus
Binomial name
Penstemon californicus
Synonyms [2]
  • Penstemon linarioides var. californicus Munz & I.M.Johnst.

Penstemon californicus is a species of penstemon known by the common name California penstemon. It is native to Baja California and is also known from fewer than 20 occurrences in California, mainly in Orange and Riverside Counties. It grows in the forest and woodland habitat of the Peninsular Ranges and nearby slopes.

Contents

Description

Penstemon californicus is a perennial species that typically grows 8–30 centimeters in height, but may occasionally be stunted to as little as 5 cm. [3] The stems are herbaceous, but grow from a woody base. [4] Stems either grow straight upwards or outwards for a short distance before growing upwards ( ascending ) and are covered in white scale-like hairs that point backwards. [3]

The leaves are no more than 16 millimeters long, but may be as short as 8 mm. They range from 1.5–2.5 mm wide with a very narrow lance head shape, wider past the midpoint (oblanceolate )with a tapered base attached by a petiole and a central vein that protrudes at the end of the leaf tip (mucronate). The leaf is covered in white hairs that scale shaped, pressed close to the leaf surface, and point backwards. [3] This makes the leaves ashy or pale in color and have smooth edges without teeth or lobes. The plants are quite leafy at the base with the flowering stems protruding from the low canopy. [4]

The inflorescence produces tubular flowers between 14 and 18 millimeters long, [5] purple to blue in color with dark-striped white throats containing hairy staminodes. [3]

Taxonomy

Penstemon californicus was scientifically described in 1924 by Philip A. Munz and Ivan Murray Johnston as a variety of Penstemon linarioides . In 1937 David D. Keck published a new description as a species under its present name. [2] The species is considered valid by Plants of the World Online, [2] World Plants, [6] and World Flora Online. [7]

Names

It is known by the common names California penstemon and San Jacinto penstemon. [5] [4]

Range and habitat

This species is found in Baja California Norte and in southern California. [6] In the state of California it is found in less than twenty locations in the San Jacinto Mountains in Orange County and Riverside County. [8] [3]

Penstemon californicus grows in pine-juniper woodlands and pine forests in sandy or gravel soils. [3]

See also

List of Penstemon species

Related Research Articles

<i>Penstemon barbatus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon barbatus, known by the common names golden-beard penstemon, and beardlip penstemon, is a flowering plant native to the western United States.

<i>Marah macrocarpa</i> Species of flowering plant

Marah macrocarpa, known as chilicothe, wild cucumber, manroot or bigroot is a species of plant in the genus Marah.

<i>Galium angustifolium</i> Species of plant

Galium angustifolium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name narrowleaf bedstraw. It is native to California and Baja California, where it is most commonly found at low elevations in the mountains.

<i>Penstemon anguineus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon anguineus is a species of penstemon known by the common name Siskiyou penstemon. It is native to the mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, where it grows in coniferous forests, often in open areas left by logging operations.

<i>Penstemon barnebyi</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon barnebyi is a species of penstemon known by the common names White River Valley beardtongue and Barneby's beardtongue. It is native to the mountain and basin territory of central western Nevada, where it grows in sagebrush and woodland; there is also one occurrence just over the California border.

<i>Penstemon bicolor</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon bicolor is a species of penstemon known by the common name pinto penstemon. It is native to the desert mountains and valleys of southern Nevada, eastern California, and western Arizona, where it grows in scrub, woodland, and other local habitat. It is a perennial herb which may exceed one meter in maximum height.

<i>Penstemon caesius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon caesius, commonly known as the San Bernardino penstemon, is a low growing species of flowering plant. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, as well as the southern mountains of the Sierra Nevada. It is a member of the flora on rocky slopes and in coniferous forests and alpine habitat in the mountains.

<i>Penstemon calcareus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon calcareus is a species of penstemon known by the common name limestone penstemon. It is native to California, where it is known from the deserts of central San Bernardino County, as well as the Death Valley area, where its distribution extends just over the border into Nevada. It grows in scrub and woodland, often on limestone substrates.

<i>Penstemon centranthifolius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon centranthifolius is a species of penstemon known by the common name scarlet bugler. It is native to California and parts of Mexico, where it grows in many types of dry habitat from coast to desert, such as chaparral and oak woodland.

<i>Penstemon cinicola</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cinicola is a species of penstemon known by the common name ash penstemon. It is native to northeastern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in forests and plateau habitat.

<i>Penstemon spectabilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon spectabilis is a species of penstemon known by the common name showy penstemon or showy beardtongue. It is a perennial herb native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in the chaparral, scrub, and woodlands of the coastal mountain ranges.

<i>Penstemon grandiflorus</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

Penstemon grandiflorus, known by the common names shell-leaved penstemon, shell-leaf beardtongue, or large-flowered penstemon, is a tall and showy plant in the Penstemon genus from the plains of North America. Due to its large flowers it has found a place in gardens, particularly ones aimed at low water usage like xeriscape gardens.

<i>Penstemon brevisepalus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon brevisepalus, commonly known as short-sepaled beardtongue, is an herbaceous plant in the plantain family. It is a perennial that produces pale lavender flowers in late spring.

<i>Penstemon ambiguus</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon ambiguus, commonly known as the bush penstemon, pink plains penstemon, or gilia beardtongue is a species of Penstemon that grows in the shortgrass prairies and deserts of the western United States and northern Mexico. This bush-like penstemon grows in sandy, loose, and creosote soils and is particularly known for the spectacular flowering show it produces, sometime seasons turning whole hillsides bright pink–white.

<i>Penstemon caespitosus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon caespitosus, commonly known as mat penstemon, is a summer blooming perennial flower in the large Penstemon genus. It is a widespread plant from near timberline to the foothills in the Southern Rocky Mountains and Colorado Plateau in North America. It is noted for its ground hugging growth habit and as a plant used in xeriscape and rock gardening.

<i>Penstemon teucrioides</i> Colorado endemic species of penstemon

Penstemon teucrioides, commonly known as grayleaf creeping penstemon, germander penstemon and germander beardtounge, is a perennial species of plant in the large and colorful Penstemon genus. It is a ground hugging plant that is native to just five counties in the mountains of Colorado. Though it has a very limited range it is widely grown in rock gardens.

<i>Penstemon albifluvis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon albifluvis, the White River penstemon, is a disputed species or variety of Penstemon that grows in a small area in eastern Utah and western Colorado. It grows mainly on broken shale and rock formations in desert habitats. White River penstemon is very rare.

<i>Penstemon yampaensis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon yampaensis, the Yampa penstemon, is a rare species of plant from the western United States. It grows in the Yampa River drainage of Colorado and Wyoming and westward into Utah. It is one of the more unusual penstemons, having almost no stem. It is threatened from habitat disturbance, particularly the invasion of the non-native cheatgrass.

<i>Penstemon breviculus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon breviculus, the narrow-mouth penstemon or shortstem penstemon, is a species of perennial flowering plant from the dry forests and steppes of the Colorado Plateau in the western United States.

<i>Penstemon crandallii</i> Plant species in the family

Penstemon crandallii, also known as Crandall's penstemon, is a species of penstemon that grows in western Colorado and small parts of New Mexico and Utah. It is a low growing plant with blue to purple flowers.

References

  1. NatureServe (2024). "Penstemon californicus". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 "Penstemon californicus (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) D.D.Keck". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Freeman, Craig C. (5 November 2020). "Penstemon californicus - FNA". Flora of North America. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 McMinn, Howard (1951). An Illustrated Manual of California Shrubs. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 516. ISBN   978-0-520-00847-2 . Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  5. 1 2 Keck, David Daniels (1951). "Penstemon". In Abrams, LeRoy; Ferris, Roxana Stinchfield; Vincent, Sylvia; Law, Barbara (eds.). An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Vol. III: Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 750. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  6. 1 2 Hassler, Michael (16 June 2024). "Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 19.3". World Plants. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  7. "Penstemon californicus (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) D.D.Keck". World Flora Online . Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  8. Skinner, Mark W.; Pavlik, Bruce M., eds. (1994). California Native Plant Society's Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. Sacramento, California: California Native Plant Society. p. 218. ISBN   978-0-943460-18-5 . Retrieved 28 June 2024.