People's initiative

Last updated

People's initiative (or "PI") is a common appellative in the Philippines that refers to either a mode for constitutional amendment provided by the 1987 Philippine Constitution or to the act of pushing an initiative (national or local) allowed by the Philippine Initiative and Referendum Act of 1987. The appellative also refers to the product of either of those initiatives.

Contents

The provision in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines allowing for a "people's initiative" as one of the modes for constitutional amendment has been called the "people's initiative clause." The other modes allowed by the Constitution involve a constituent assembly (or "Con-Ass") or a constitutional convention (or "Con-Con"), both of which also allow a total revision of the charter.

The appellation (also known as "PI") also refers to the act—allowed by the law-given right of the Filipino people—of directly initiating statutes or calling for referendums on both the national and the local government level.

Summary

This is as defined in the Initiative and Referendum Act:

TypeSignatures requiredTime limit limitations

Prohibited topics

Initiative on the constitutionCan only be done five years after the ratification of the 1987 constitution, and once every 5 years thereafter
  • Petitions with more than one topic
  • Emergency measures, as defined by the constitution
Initiative on statutes
Initiative on local laws
  • 10% of voters in a local government unit
  • 3% of voters in every legislative district
    • If province or city is composed of only one legislative district, it shall be 3% in every municipality in a province or barangay in a city
    • If in a municipality, 3% of every barangay
    • If in a barangay, 10% of voters
Shall not be exercised more than once a year

Constitutional amendment initiatives

The process of amending the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines is popularly known to many Filipinos as Charter Change. Any proposed amendment or revision must be ratified by the majority of Filipinos in a plebiscite.

Article XVII, Section 2 of the Constitution states: [1]

Amendments to this Constitution may likewise be directly proposed by the people through initiative upon a petition of at least twelve per centum of the total number of registered voters, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum of the registered votes therein. No amendment under this section shall be authorized within five years following the ratification of this Constitution nor oftener than once every five years thereafter. The Congress shall provide for the implementation of the exercise of this right.

An enabling law for this Article XVII, Section 2 Philippine Constitutional provision, called the Initiative and Referendum Act, was authored in 1987 by senators Raul Roco (Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino) and Neptali Gonzales (Liberal Party) and was passed by the Eighth Congress of the Philippines in 1989. The law provides for the implementation of the exercise of the people's right to initiate a petition to amend the Constitution, with the Election Registrar of the Commission on Elections (Comelec) tasked under the law with the verification of the petition signatures' being by at least twelve per centum of the total number of registered voters in the state. [2] However, the Supreme Court declared the Initiative and Referendum Act procedures for amending the constitution as fatally defective, although it didn't affect the operation of the law for other types of initiatives. [3]

1997 People’s Initiative for Reform Modernization and Action

At the tail-end of the presidency of Fidel Ramos, a group known as the People's Initiative for Reform Modernization and Action (PIRMA, the Tagalog word for "signature") started a signature campaign for amending the constitution, such as shift to a parliamentary system of government and the lifting of term limits on elected officials, including Ramos himself. The president denied being behind the campaign. The Supreme Court shot down PIRMA's petition, saying that there was no enabling law for it, and that the group's petition was defective. [4]

2006 Sigaw ng Bayan

During the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the Supreme Court rejected the petition of Sigaw ng Bayan, saying that their petition was defective because they did not show the people the full text of the proposed amendments before having them sign the petition. [4]

2024 People's Initiative for Reform Modernization and Action

In 2024, PIRMA initiated another People's Initiative attempt. On January 9, they launched a television commercial with the tagline "EDSA-Pwera" (a word play of EDSA and the Spanish-derived Tagalog term etsapuwera, which means to be rejected or excluded). [5] [6] PIRMA admitted talking with House Speaker Martin Romualdez about the initiative and claimed responsibility for a signature drive campaign that began around that time [7] but denied allegations of vote-buying. [8] By the evening of January 23, the proponents claimed that they have achieved the minimum 12 percent national voter threshold. [9]

The proponents suggested that both chambers of Congress, the House of Representatives and the Senate, should vote jointly on the proposed amendments in a constitutional assembly. However, the 24-member Senate has opposed the proposal, as its vote would be outweighed by the 316-member House of Representatives. [10]

In 2024, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines' Pablo Virgilio David released a statement questioning the legitimacy of the people’s initiative, suggesting it was primarily driven by “a few public servants and not truly the initiative of ordinary citizens, as it involves deception and disregard for our true and free participation in the democratic process of our country. Is that good?” [11]

Statute and referendum initiatives

The People's Initiative can also refer to the right of Filipinos to initiate statutes as well as call for referendums on both the national and local government level, a right given by the Initiative and Referendum Act of 1987.

2014 People's Initiative Against Pork Barrel

From late June to early August 2014, a People's Initiative Against Pork Barrel (PIAP) was repeatedly announced as up for launch in a forthcoming August 23 "people's congress" in Cebu City. The initiative, a multisectoral alliance-driven proposition to criminalize pork barrel fund creation and spending, was led by various groups and individuals including Cebu Archbishop Jose S. Palma, the broad #AbolishPorkMovement, the Catholic Church-backed Cebu Coalition Against the Pork Barrel System, the Church People's Alliance Against Pork Barrel, ePIRMA (Empowered People's Initiative and Reform Movement Alliance), the Makabayan Coalition (principally through Bayan Muna party-list representative Neri Colmenares), the Solidarity for Transformation, Youth Act Now, the Scrap Pork Network, and former Philippine Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] The Cebu congress was immediately followed by a signature rally at Luneta Park, on August 25, 2014. [18]

The proposition was one of civil society's resulting reactions to the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam of 2013 and the Million People March and other protests that followed. An exploratory "people's congress" to draft an initiative on spending public funds was first convened by the ePIRMA at the Asian Institute of Management Conference Center on November 9, 2013, with Puno, Colmenares and ePIRMA's legal-team head Jose M. Roy III leading the conference that was attended by representatives from various groups coming from all over the country. ePIRMA and the "people's congress" alliance later scheduled its first draft to be completed by January 2014 while it was awaiting the Supreme Court's decision on prior petitions against both the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and the "presidential pork" disbursements under Benigno Aquino III's government's Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP). [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

Petitions against the PDAF were first filed with the Supreme Court by the Social Justice Society on August 28, 2013, by Greco Belgica et al. on September 3, 2013, and by Pedrito Nepomuceno on September 5, 2013. Petitions against the DAP were filed with the Supreme Court by nine separate groups of petitioners between October 7 and November 7, 2013. The petitioners included the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, GABRIELA Women's Party, Bayan Muna, Ang Kapatiran, and Belgica, among others. On November 19, 2013, the Supreme Court declared the PDAF unconstitutional; [25] [26] a decision on the DAP came out seven and a half months later, on July 1, 2014, also declaring basic parts of the program as unconstitutional. [27] [28] [29]

Under the PIAP's proposed Pork Barrel Abolition Act, all budgets submitted to any legislative body shall contain only itemized appropriations, except funds for relief and rescue operations during calamities and funds for intelligence work and security. The proposed legislation also called for the abolition of the Presidential Social Fund, which has also been described as a form of pork barrel. Violators of this law were to be banned for life from holding public office. [30]

On November 25, 2014, the Philippine Daily Inquirer reported that the Philippine Commission on Elections received the first 10,000 signatures from the initiative thrust in Quezon City. The signatures were from the city's first six districts, a first installment of the required 177,000 signatures from the entire city territory. Meanwhile, PIAP-Metro Manila coordinator Mark Lui Aquino said they had yet to submit to the Comelec the 50,000 to 100,000 signatures they had gathered in the metropolis. PIAP-Quezon City spokesperson Malou Turalde said, however, that Quezon City was not the first to submit to the Comelec gathered signatures for the initiative, adding that other legislative districts "just want to be quiet." Aquino also expressed fear that the "Comelec seems unready" and added that, based on his group's monitoring, the Comelec offices in the different cities and municipalities "do not know what to do with the signatures." [31]

Malacañang's resistance to the initiative

On September 4, 2014, Rep. Neri Colmenares announced that the ruling Liberal Party was trying to undermine the people's initiative against the pork barrel system. During his interpellation on the same day, at the Philippine Congress budget committee hearing on the 2015 budget for the Philippine Commission on Elections, Colmenares noticed that the Malacañang Palace and its allies in Congress took out the budget that they had placed for a charter change (Cha-Cha) referendum they were planning to launch. Colmenares asked for the budget to be reinserted for the people's initiative plebiscite, but budget committee vice-chair Dakila Cua (Liberal Party, formerly Lakas Kampi CMD) said that Colmenares's motion should be made during the committee deliberations on the budget. [32] A number of Liberal Party leaders and spokesmen earlier announced their wish to amend the Constitution to allow President Benigno Aquino III to run for re-election; as under the present Constitution the President cannot run again for the same office after his single six-year term. [33]

Furthermore, groups against the pork barrel noted that the Aquino government had drafted a national budget for 2015 that still contained "pork" in the form of "special purpose funds," thus ignoring the earlier SC ruling on such funds' unconstitutionality as well as salient points in the PIAP. The groups further noted that this pork budget allocation had ballooned to 27 billion pesos, from the previous year's PHP25 billion pesos.The groups urged Congress to junk the budget. [34] On November 25, during the Senate plenary session tackling the said budget, Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago raised the same points raised by the Makabayan group in the House of Representatives hearings, boosting the Makabayan position on the budget bill amendments. [35]

In January 2015, Palma reiterated the importance of the initiative, saying that although the Supreme Court had already declared the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and the Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP) as unconstitutional funds, members of Congress continued to enjoy discretionary funds under other forms. [30]

Attack on anti-pork campaigner

On September 29, 2014, minutes after the anti-pork forum in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, which also launched the PIAP in the province, Dexter Ian Selebrado, 32, of the group Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas - Davao del Norte (Farmers' Movement of the Philippines - Davao del Norte) and one of the local campaigners against pork barrel funds, was attacked by motorcycle-riding gunmen. [36] As of October 1, the farmer-activist was still in critical condition. [37]

Politicians' resistance to the initiative

In his January 2015 conference with the press, Palma lamented the intervention of politicians in the turnout of citizens at the signature centers in his parishes. Apart from a lack of knowledge about the pork barrel, Palma claimed that a low turnout was also a result of there being families who had children enrolled in schools under politicians' pork-funded scholarships whose relatives then refused to sign the proposition. Turnout results in other dioceses were also not good, he said. He promised, however, that the Church would not be disheartened and cited the strong support of people in such dioceses as Calbayog. [30]

The initiative and the pork barrel issue by 2016

In his blog of July 4, 2016, direct democracy advocate and art critic-painter Jojo Soria de Veyra, a member of ePIRMA, confessed that after the initiative's launch "the signature gathering was mostly left to certain parishes of the more organized Catholic Church, the primary backing of the Cebu Coalition. Sporadic rallies of support were organized by the Makabayan group and provincial groups. Other members of ePIRMA were seen to have moved on to various other national concerns. Manny SD Lopez—ePIRMA's leading convenor and most active campaigner on the road—would also busy himself with organizing the Christian Peace Alliance, one of the groups advocating for a drastic review of some provisions of the then-in-its-final-thrust Bangsamoro Basic Law. Lopez would also form the EdlSA 2.22.15 Coalition, a group that called for President Benigno Aquino III's resignation after the Mamasapano mishap. I submit that in this latter period I was not privy anymore to how the signature-gathering for the initiative on the pork barrel was progressing. I did hear of some pockets of resistance to the initiative, as well as the Comelec's seeming lack of enthusiasm towards verifying the signatures, but that's about it. . . . Then came the various noises leading to the 2016 general election, within which news concerning the initiative's progress were nowhere anymore to be found on Google." De Veyra, also a convenor of a Facebook group called Forum for Direct Democracy, then proceeded in his blog to propose amendments to the Initiative and Referendum Act that would make the law easier for the people to use as well as obligate Comelec to do its part in the initiative process within a limited time period. [38]

Meanwhile, on August 31, Senator Panfilo Lacson told the media that "the ₱3.35-trillion proposed budget presented by Malacañang [under the newly-elected Duterte administration] to the Senate for congressional approval is laden with 'pork' and violated the Supreme Court rulings on the Priority Development Assistance Fund and Disbursement Acceleration Program." [39]

2020 PIRMA Kapamilya

After the denial of the franchise of ABS-CBN in 2020, a group called "PIRMA Kapamilya" launched an effort to give ABS-CBN a franchise via people's initiative. [40]

Local initiatives

Local initiatives, however, appear to be more likely to succeed. The first such initiative, initiated twelve years after the Initiative and Referendum Act was passed, was advanced in 2011 in Barangay Milagrosa, Quezon City, with the aim of stopping the continued influx of informal settlers and the sale of illegal drugs in the barangay. The initiative passed, with 465 in favor and 384 against out of the 3,665 registered voters in the barangay eligible to participate. [41]

See also

Related Research Articles

Elections in the Philippines are of several types. The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a six-year term, while the members of the House of Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the Sangguniang Bayan, barangay officials, and the members of the Sangguniang Kabataan are elected to serve for a three-year term.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alliance of Concerned Teachers</span> Political party in the Philippines

The Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT-Teachers) is a progressive national democratic mass organization of teachers, academics, and other education workers in the Philippines, established on June 26, 1982. It is the largest non-traditional teachers' organization in the country, and campaigns for the economic and political rights of teachers and other education workers as well as on wider social and political issues.

Constitutional reform in the Philippines, colloquially known as charter change (cha-cha), refers to the political and legal processes needed to amend the current 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Under the common interpretation of the Constitution, amendments can be proposed by one of three methods: a people's initiative, a constituent assembly or a constitutional convention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cecilia Muñoz-Palma</span> Filipino judge from Batangas

Cecilia Arreglado Muñoz-Palma was a Filipino jurist and the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines. She was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Ferdinand Marcos on October 29, 1973, and served until she reached the then-mandatory retirement age of 65.

The Constitution of the Philippines is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987. The Constitution remains unamended to this day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neri Colmenares</span> Filipino human rights lawyer and activist

Neri Javier Colmenares is a Filipino legislator, human rights lawyer and activist. He was an associate of the Asian Law Centre at Melbourne Law School when he was completing his Ph.D. in law on "The Writ of Amparo and the International Criminal Court." He also lectured at the University of Melbourne on International Human Rights Law and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greco Belgica</span> Filipino politician

Greco Antonious Beda Banta Belgica is a Filipino politician who most recently served as chairman of the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC) under the Duterte administration from March to October 2021.

The Priority Development Assistance Fund scam, also called the PDAF scam or the pork barrel scam, is a political scandal involving the alleged misuse by several members of the Congress of the Philippines of their Priority Development Assistance Fund, a lump-sum discretionary fund granted to each member of Congress for spending on priority development projects of the Philippine government, mostly on the national level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Janet Lim-Napoles</span> Filipina businesswoman and convicted criminal

Janet Lim-Napoles is a Filipina businesswoman who is believed to have masterminded the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Scam. She was convicted of plunder for her involvement in the PDAF Scam and is facing charges for alleged involvement in the misuse of the Malampaya fund for disaster response operations.

The Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) was a discretionary fund in the Philippines available to members of Congress. Originally established as the Countrywide Development Fund (CDF) in 1990, it was designed to allow legislators to fund small-scale infrastructure or community projects which fell outside the scope of the national infrastructure program, which was often restricted to large infrastructure items.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Million People March</span> 2013 protest in the Philippines against Pork Barrel funds

The Million People March at Luneta was the first of a series of protests in the Philippines calling for the total abolition of the Pork Barrel fund, triggered by public anger over the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam. Initial calls circulated through social media to convene a protest on August 26, 2013, at Luneta Park in Manila as well as other cities nationwide and overseas. Some media commentators consider this as the first ever massive rally in the Philippines called and organised mostly through social media channels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Philippine Senate election</span> Philippine election

The 2016 election of members to the Senate of the Philippines was the 32nd election of members to the Senate of the Philippines. It was held on Monday, May 9, 2016, The seats of 12 senators elected in 2010 were filled during this election. The winners in this election joined the winners of the 2013 election to form the 17th Congress of the Philippines. The senators elected in 2013 served until June 30, 2019, while the senators elected in this election would serve up to June 30, 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barry Gutierrez</span> Filipino politician (born 1974)

Ibarra "Barry" M. Gutierrez III is a Filipino lawyer, activist and educator who formerly served as the spokesperson of then-Vice President Leni Robredo. He is also a law professor at the University of the Philippines College of Law, a public interest and human rights lawyer, and a former congressman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Romualdez</span> Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2022

Ferdinand Martin Gomez Romualdez is a Filipino businessman, lawyer and politician serving as the Speaker of the House of Representatives since July 25, 2022. He is also serving as the representative for the 1st district of Leyte since 2019 and previously from 2007 to 2016 and as the president of the Philippine Constitution Association. He formerly served as the House Majority Leader from 2019 to 2022, and unsuccessfully ran for senator in the 2016 elections. He is a first cousin of President Bongbong Marcos. Since May 17, 2023, he has been widely considered to be the country's de facto "Prime Minister" after the ouster of Senior Deputy Speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, becoming the main catalyst to the 2024 Philippine political crisis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manny SD Lopez</span> Filipino political activist

Emmanuel "Manny" Santo Domingo Lopez is a Filipino political activist who advocates direct democracy. He is the convenor of such groups as the anti-Bangsamoro Basic Law group that called itself Christian Peace Alliance and the anti-Benigno Aquino III group called EdlSA 2.22.15 Coalition. Previously he formed the EPIRMA, a group of direct democracy advocates. He ran for vice president under the Labor Party Philippines in the 2022 Philippine elections.

The Disbursement Acceleration Program in the Philippines is a "special" budget allocated to accelerate or hasten a government project without Congress or Senate's approval. This replaces the traditional pork barrel, the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF), after the Pork barrel scam was uncovered in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kabataan</span> Philippine party list affiliated with Makabayan

Kabataan, also known as the Kabataan Partylist and formerly known as Ang Nagkakaisang Kabataan Para sa Sambayanan, is a partylist in the Philippines affiliated with the leftist political coalition Makabayan. It is currently represented by Raoul Manuel at the Philippine Congress since 2022. According to its website, the partylist represents the youth sector, and aims to "galvanize the Filipino youth’s unity for social change," believing that the youth should "devote its intellect, energy, and courage to building a new society devoid of corruption, inequality, and social injustice."

The following are the events in related to Philippine law in 2016. This includes developments in criminal investigations of national notability.

Referendums in the Philippines are occasionally held at a national, regional or local level. Referendums can either by national or local in scope. In the Philippines, "referendums" and "plebiscites" mean different things.

Several attempts to enact constitutional reform have taken place in the Philippines in 2024. This originated with President Bongbong Marcos and his allies' efforts.

References

  1. "Article XVII of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". gov.ph. The official Philippine government website. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  2. "AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR". The LAWPHIL Project. Arellano Law Foundation . Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  3. Butuyan, Joel Ruiz (November 12, 2018). "An antidynasty law via people's initiative". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  4. 1 2 "What Went Before: Past Charter-change attempts". INQUIRER.net. May 21, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  5. "'EDSA-Pwera' ad, umarangkada para isulong ang Charter change" ['EDSA-Pwera' ad, advocating for Charter change rolls out]. Balitambayan (in Filipino). GMA Network. January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  6. "'Pirma' back in spotlight to push for charter change". The World Tonight. ANC. January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  7. Article title
  8. Article title
  9. Garner, Jom (January 4, 2024). "People's initiative has reached required number of signatures — Salceda". Daily Tribune. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  10. "Senate says 'people's initiative' exploits democratic process". The Philippine Star. January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  11. Legaspi, Zeus (February 1, 2024). "CBCP's plea to public: Spurn 'deceptive' Charter change efforts". Philippine Daily Inquirer .
  12. Salamat, Marya (July 8, 2014). "People's Initiative vs pork barrel, political dynasty gets support of CBCP". Bulatlat.com. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  13. Arcangel, Xianne (June 30, 2014). "People's initiative set vs. pork barrel funds". GMA News Online . Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  14. Locsin, Joel (August 9, 2014). "CBCP president supports people's initiative vs. pork barrel". GMA News Online. Retrieved August 12, 2014
  15. "Bishops back people's initiative against pork barrel [usurped] ". CBCP News . Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014
  16. Santos, Matikas (July 1, 2014). "5 things you need to know about People's Initiative Against Pork Barrel". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  17. Blogwatch.ph (August 13, 2014). "People's Initiative Petition vs Pork Barrel (Updated August 13, 2014)". Scribd . Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  18. Monzon, Alden M. (August 25, 2014). "Thinner crowd at anti-pork rally does little to douse fervor". Business World Online. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  19. Villamente, Jing (November 8, 2013). "Broad alliance to hold People's Congress today". The Manila Times . Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. Vicoy, Ali (November 9, 2013). "E.P.I.R.M.A. People's Congress". Manila Bulletin . Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  21. Araja, Rio N. (November 10, 2013). "People's move vs. pork barrel needs P750M". Manila Standard Today . Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  22. Cruz, R.G. (November 6, 2013). "People's Congress". @1RGCruz. R.G. Cruz. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  23. Sy Egco, Joel M. (November 11, 2013). "Bicameral meetings another pork source". The Manila Times. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  24. "EPIRMA Signature Campaign Para Amyendahan Ang Saliganag Batas, Isinulong". Dok Alternatibo. November 6, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  25. Diola, Camille (November 19, 2013). "SC declares PDAF unconstitutional". The Philippine Star . Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  26. Perlas-Bernabe, Estela M. (November 20, 2013). "Main Decision: Priority Development Assistance Fund". sc.judiciary.gov.ph. Supreme Court of the Philippines . Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  27. Hofileña, Chay F. (July 14–17, 2014). "Understanding the SC ruling on the DAP". Rappler.com. Rappler . Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  28. Geronimo, Gerry (July 18–19, 2014). "DAP: What did the Supreme Court really say?". Rappler.com. Rappler. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  29. Bersamin, Lucas P. (July 2, 2014). "Main Decision: Disbursement Acceleration Program". Sc.judiciary.gov.ph. Supreme Court of the Philippines. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  30. 1 2 3 Mayol, Ador Vincent; Matus, Carmel Loise (January 28, 2015). "Pols obstacles in bid vs pork, says bishop". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  31. Granali, Rima (November 25, 2014). "Anti-pork barrel group submits 10,000 signatures from QC for people's initiative". Inquirer.net. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  32. Cruz, R.G. (September 4, 2014). "Palace undermining People's Initiative - lawmaker". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs . Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  33. Cabacungan, Gil C. (August 13, 2014). "Issue of Aquino 2nd term divides Liberal Party". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  34. Gamil, Jaymee T. (October 21, 2014). "Congress urged to junk 2015 budget due to pro-DAP provisions". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  35. Cruz, R.G. (November 26, 2014). "Makabayan finds ally in Miriam, pushes forward with PI vs pork". ABS-CBNNews.com. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  36. Manlupig, Karlos (September 30, 2014). "Anti-pork activist attacked by gunmen in Davao". Rappler. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  37. "PNoy urged to probe shooting of anti-pork leader". ABS-CBNews.com. October 1, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  38. Veyra, Jojo Soria De (July 4, 2016). "Social / -Isms: My amendment proposals re the Initiative and Referendum Act (RA 6735)". Social / -Isms. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  39. "Lacson: 2017 budget laden with pork barrel" . Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  40. "Group launches people's initiative for ABS-CBN franchise". RAPPLER. July 25, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  41. Aning, Jerome (May 8, 2011). "QC barangay holds 1st successful initiative vs squatters, drugs". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved June 11, 2021.