Perisinusoidal space

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Perisinusoidal space
Sinusoid.jpeg
Sinusoid of a rat liver with fenestrated endothelial cells. Fenestrae are approx 100 nm diameter, and the sinusoidal width 5 µm. Scanning electron micrograph by Robin Fraser, University of Otago.
Hepatic structure2.svg
Basic liver structure
Details
Location Liver
Identifiers
Latin spatium perisinusoideum
TH H3.04.05.0.00012
Anatomical terms of microanatomy

The perisinusoidal space (or space of Disse) is a space between a hepatocyte, and a sinusoid in the liver. It contains the blood plasma. Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed by the hepatocytes. Fenestration and discontinuity of the sinusoid endothelium facilitates this transport. [1] The perisinusoidal space also contains hepatic stellate cells (also known as Ito cells or lipocytes), which store vitamin A in characteristic lipid droplets. [2]

Contents

This space may be obliterated in liver disease, leading to decreased uptake by hepatocytes of nutrients and wastes such as bilirubin.

The Space of Disse is named for the German anatomist Joseph Disse (1852–1912). [3]

Pathophysiology

Fibrosis

Liver injury from a number of causes can activate the hepatic stellate cells into transdifferentiated and prolific myofibroblasts. [4] The myofibroblasts synthesize and secrete components of the extracellular matrix including collagen into the perisinusoidal space. [4] This in turn promotes the development of fibrosis, and continuing fibrosis is thought to be responsible for the development of cirrhosis, and liver cancer. [5]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hepatocyte</span> Liver cell type

A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 80% of the liver's mass. These cells are involved in:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcoholic hepatitis</span> Medical condition

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autoimmune hepatitis</span> Chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portal hypertension</span> Abnormally increased portal venous pressure

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fatty liver disease</span> Medical condition related to obesity

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cholestasis</span> Medical condition

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lobules of liver</span> Microscopic anatomical divisions of the liver

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hepatic stellate cell</span> Type of liver cell

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC), also known as perisinusoidal cells or Ito cells, are pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, also known as the space of Disse. The stellate cell is the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis, which is the formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage, in addition these cells store and concentrate vitamin A.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cirrhosis</span> Chronic disease of the liver, characterized by fibrosis

Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is a condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease. Damage to the liver leads to repair of liver tissue and subsequent formation of scar tissue. Over time, scar tissue and nodules of regenerating hepatocytes can replace the parenchyma, causing increased resistance to blood flow in the liver's capillaries—the hepatic sinusoids—and consequently portal hypertension, as well as impairment in other aspects of liver function. The disease typically develops slowly over months or years.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scott L. Friedman</span>

Scott L. Friedman is an American scientist, professor and physician who works in the field of hepatology. Friedman has conducted pioneering research into the underlying causes of scarring, or fibrosis, associated with chronic liver disease, by characterizing the key fibrogenic cell type, the hepatic stellate cell His laboratory has also discovered a novel tumor suppressor gene, KLF6 that is inactivated in a number of human cancers including primary liver cancer. Friedman is the Fishberg Professor of Medicine, and Chief of the Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. Friedman has two children, a son, Leor Friedman, and a daughter, Yael Friedman.

Liver cytology is the branch of cytology that studies the liver cells and its functions. The liver is a vital organ, in charge of almost all the body’s metabolism. Main liver cells are hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells; each one with a specific function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bilirubin glucuronide</span> Chemical compound

Bilirubin glucuronide is a water-soluble reaction intermediate over the process of conjugation of indirect bilirubin. Bilirubin glucuronide itself belongs to the category of conjugated bilirubin along with bilirubin di-glucuronide. However, only the latter one is primarily excreted into the bile in the normal setting.

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References

  1. Robbins, Stanley L.; Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Collins, Tucker (1999). Robbins pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN   0-7216-7335-X.
  2. Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C.; Robbins, Stanley L.; Perkins, James A. (2018). Robbins basic pathology (Tenth ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier. p. 637. ISBN   9780323353175.
  3. Haubrich WS (2004). "Disse of the space of Disse". Gastroenterology. 127 (6): 1684. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.10.021. PMID   15578505.
  4. 1 2 Tacke, F; Weiskirchen, R (February 2012). "Update on hepatic stellate cells: pathogenic role in liver fibrosis and novel isolation techniques". Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology. 6 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1586/egh.11.92. PMID   22149583.
  5. Cheng, S; Zou, Y; Zhang, M (October 2023). "Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity and intercellular communication of hepatic stellate cells and macrophages during liver fibrosis". MedComm. 4 (5): e378. doi:10.1002/mco2.378. PMID   37724132.