Petrosia

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Petrosia
Petrosia ficiformis.jpg
Petrosia ficiformis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Haplosclerida
Family: Petrosiidae
Genus: Petrosia
Vosmaer, 1885

Petrosia is a benthic genus of sponges belonging to the family Petrosiidae. [1] [2]

Contents

Diet

They are filter feeders, and their diet is composed of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, plankton, and unicellular algae. Certain species can also absorb dissolved organic matter directly from the water. Other species host symbiotic cyanobacteria, which can provide additional nutrition via photosynthesis.

Distribution

The [pgenus has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, with species found in habitats from temperate to tropical waters and from the intertidal zone to deep waters. [3]

Description

Petrosia comprises sponges with a characteristic hard, stony, and brittle texture, primarily due to their dense network of siliceous spicules. While the group is morphologically diverse—exhibiting forms such as branching, cylindrical, globular, or bowl-shaped structures—the internal skeleton structure is a more consistent classifying feature. The surface of these sponges]p is typically rough or granular and punctuated by numerous, often small and scattered, oscules. The spicules, which can be seen under a microscope, are generally long, slightly curved rods with pointed or rounded ends. The coloration of Petrosia is variable; many species are dark reds, browns, or blacks, but some exhibit bright, vivid colors like yellow, often influenced by the presence of symbiotic cyanobacteria. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Species

  1. Petrosia (Petrosia) australis Bergquist & Warne, 1980
  2. Petrosia (Petrosia) borealis (Lambe, 1895)
  3. Petrosia (Petrosia) brachysclera Lévi & Lévi, 1989
  4. Petrosia (Petrosia) canariensis de Weerdt & van Soest, 1986
  5. Petrosia (Petrosia) capsa Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1987
  6. Petrosia (Petrosia) clavata (Esper, 1794)
  7. Petrosia (Petrosia) crassa (Carter, 1876)
  8. Petrosia (Petrosia) cretacea (Schmidt, 1870)
  9. Petrosia (Petrosia) crustata Wilson, 1925
  10. Petrosia (Petrosia) densissima Dendy, 1905
  11. Petrosia (Petrosia) elephantotus Ilan, Gugel & van Soest, 2004
  12. Petrosia (Petrosia) ernesti Goodwin & Downey, 2021
  13. Petrosia (Petrosia) expansa (Thiele, 1903)
  14. Petrosia (Petrosia) ficiformis (Poiret, 1789)
  15. Petrosia (Petrosia) granifera Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1987
  16. Petrosia (Petrosia) hebes Lendenfeld, 1888
  17. Petrosia (Petrosia) hoeksemai de Voogd & van Soest, 2002
  18. Petrosia (Petrosia) incrustata (Alcolado & Gotera, 1986)
  19. Petrosia (Petrosia) intermedia (Czerniavsky, 1880)
  20. Petrosia (Petrosia) lignosa Wilson, 1925
  21. Petrosia (Petrosia) mammiformis Dendy, 1922
  22. Petrosia (Petrosia) massiva Lehnert & van Soest, 1996
  23. Petrosia (Petrosia) microxea (Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976)
  24. Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans Lindgren, 1897
  25. Petrosia (Petrosia) pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934)
  26. Petrosia (Petrosia) pigmentosa Fromont, 1991
  27. Petrosia (Petrosia) plana Wilson, 1925
  28. Petrosia (Petrosia) pluricrustata Lévi & Lévi, 1983
  29. Petrosia (Petrosia) pulvilla (Thiele, 1903)
  30. Petrosia (Petrosia) puna de Laubenfels, 1951
  31. Petrosia (Petrosia) punctata Lévi & Lévi, 1983
  32. Petrosia (Petrosia) raphida Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994
  33. Petrosia (Petrosia) revizee Rocha, Moraes, Salani & Hajdu, 2021
  34. Petrosia (Petrosia) seychellensis Dendy, 1922
  35. Petrosia (Petrosia) shellyi Pulitzer-Finali, 1993
  36. Petrosia (Petrosia) solida Hoshino, 1981
  37. Petrosia (Petrosia) solusstrongyla Hoshino, 1981
  38. Petrosia (Petrosia) spheroida Tanita, 1967
  39. Petrosia (Petrosia) truncata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
  40. Petrosia (Petrosia) ushitsuensis Tanita, 1963
  41. Petrosia (Petrosia) volcano Hoshino, 1976
  42. Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980 [1]

References

  1. 1 2 "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  2. ↑ "Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  3. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  4. ↑ Juan, Yung-Shun; Lee, Chien-Chih; Tsao, Chia-Wei; Lu, Mei-Chin; El-Shazly, Mohamed; Shih, Huei-Chuan; Chen, Yu-Cheng; Wu, Yang-Chang; Su, Jui-Hsin (2014-09-18). "Structure elucidation and cytotoxic evaluation of new polyacetylenes from a marine sponge Petrosia sp". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 (9): 16511–16521. doi: 10.3390/ijms150916511 . ISSN   1422-0067. PMC   4200862 . PMID   25238415.
  5. ↑ "Petrosia ficiformis - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio". animalia.bio. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  6. ↑ "ResearchGATE". SciVee. 2009-01-13. doi:10.4016/9522.01 (inactive 31 August 2025). Retrieved 2025-08-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link)
  7. ↑ "Petrosia: The Sexual Life of the Sponges" . Retrieved 2025-08-31.
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