Phalagnostus

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Phalagnostus
Temporal range: Middle and Upper Cambrian
Phalagnostus prantli 2.jpg
Phalagnostus prantli, 10mm, Jince Formation, Czech Republic
Scientific classification
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Phalagnostus

Howell, 1955
Species
  • P. nudus(Beyrich, 1845) (type) synonyms Battus nudus, Agnostus nudus ovalis [2]
  • P. carinatusLu and Lin, 1989
  • P. cuneatusRozova,1964
  • P. glandiformis(Angelin, 1851) synonyms Agnostus glandiformis, Grandagnostus glandiformis [3]
  • P. prantliSnajdr, 1957
  • P. rasettiiPratt, 1992
  • P. shergoldiPratt, 1992
Synonyms

Phalacromina

Phalagnostus is a genus of small trilobites, in the order Agnostida. It lived during the Middle Cambrian, in what are now Canada (Newfoundland and Northwest Territories), China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, the Russian Federation (Bennett Island, Yakutia), Wales, Sweden, and possibly the United States (Vermont). The headshield (or cephalon) is almost entirely effaced and wider than the tailshield (or pygidium). The pygidium is also very effaced, but the ovate pygidial axis (or rhachis) is well defined and a border furrow is also present.

Contents

Taxonomy

Phalagnostus nudus, the type species, was originally described as a species of Battus by Beyrich in 1845, but that name had already been used for a butterfly, and the trilobite genus was also deemed polyphyletic. [4]

Due to the high level of effacement, establishing the relationship of Phalagnostus to other Agnostoidea is difficult. The Treatise lists Phalagnostus as family unknown. [2]

Species previously assigned to Phalagnostus

Distribution

Description

This agnostoid is strongly effaced. The cephalon lacks a border furrow. The glabella and small basal lobes are weakly defined. The rhachis is circular to ovate, clearly defined by deep axial furrows. An elongate axial node may be discerned. The pygidium has a narrow border defined by a furrow. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Agnostus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Agnostus, is a genus of agnostid trilobite belonging to the Family Agnostidae, that lived during the late Middle Cambrian – early Upper Cambrian. It is the type genus of the family Agnostidae and is subdivided into two subgenera, Agnostus and Homagnostus.

<i>Acimetopus</i>

Acimetopus Rasetti, 1966, is a genus of Eodiscinid trilobite belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi (1943), Order Agnostida Salter (1864). It lived during the Botomian stage. = late Lower Cambrian Stage 4 ; the upper Botomian boundary corresponds to base of the Middle Cambrian, Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan stage.

<i>Analox</i>

Analox Rasetti, 1966 is a genus of Eodiscinid trilobites belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi T. (1943), Order Agnostida It lived during the Botomian stage. It can easily be distinguished from other trilobites by the two furrows that extend forwards and sidewards from the front of the glabella.

Egyngolia is a genus of very small sized Trilobites, that lived during the Lower Cambrian in what are today the Russia Federation, Mongolia, and South Australia.

<i>Meteoraspis</i>

Meteoraspis is an extinct genus of ptychopariid trilobites of the family Tricrepicephalidae. The various species lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period. Fossils of Meteoraspis are characteristic of Late Cambrian strata in North America, though they are found in Late Cambrian strata elsewhere in the world, such as M. nevensis from Victoria Land, Antarctica.

<i>Asaphiscus</i>

Asaphiscus is a genus of trilobite that lived in the Cambrian. Its remains have been found in Australia and North America, especially in Utah.

Acmarhachis is a genus of trilobite in the order Agnostida, which lived in what are now Australia, Canada, China (Anhui), Kazakhstan, Russia (Kharaulakh), and the US. It was described by Resser in 1938, and the type species is Acmarhachis typicalis.

Lotagnostus is a genus of very small trilobites in the order Agnostida, which lived on the outer continental shelves worldwide, during the late Upper Cambrian. It was described by Whitehouse in 1936, and the type species is Lotagnostus trisectus, which was originally described as a species of Agnostus by Salter in 1864.

<i>Lejopyge laevigata</i> Extinct species of trilobite

Lejopyge laevigata is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Lejopyge. It existed during the Guzhangian to the Paibian Age of the Cambrian. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy.

<i>Glyptagnostus reticulatus</i> Extinct species of trilobite

Glyptagnostus reticulatus is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Glyptagnostus. It existed during the Paibian Age of the Cambrian. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy. It was characterized by an unusual net-like pattern of furrows on both the cephalon and the pygidium.

<i>Weymouthia</i> (trilobite)

Weymouthia is an extinct genus of eodiscinid agnostid trilobites, which lived at the end of the Lower Cambrian, in what are now the eastern United States, England, Siberia and China.

<i>Galbagnostus</i>

Galbagnostus is an extinct genus of agnostid trilobite. It lived during the Lower and Middle Ordovician.

<i>Sphaeragnostus</i>

Sphaeragnostus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It can be recognized by having two thorax segments, a totally effaced headshield, while the tailshield although effaced, has a clear furrow parallel to its border, and a short, convex, subcircular axis. It lived during the Ordovician.

<i>Thoracocare</i>

Thoracocare is a minute to very small trilobite, that lived during part of the Middle Cambrian in what are today the states of Idaho, Nevada and Utah. It is the only trilobite known with just two thorax segments outside most members of the Agnostida order. It can be distinguished from Agnostida by the very wide subquadrate glabella, parallel-side or widening forward in the largest specimen, with the full front side touching the border. Two species are known, one, T. idahoensis, only from pygidia.

<i>Delgadella</i>

Delgadella is a diminutive trilobite that lived during the late Lower Cambrian and has been found in Russia, Mongolia, Spain, Italy (Sardinia), Portugal, Morocco and Canada (Newfoundland). It can be recognized by its strongly effaced headshield and tailshield, with narrow but distinct furrows and borders along its margins, and three thorax segments.

<i>Geragnostus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Geragnostus is a genus of very small agnostid trilobites whose fossils are found Ordovician-aged marine strata from Eurasia, North America and Argentina.

<i>Toragnostus</i>

Toragnostus is a genus of trilobites restricted to the late Middle Cambrian. Its remains have been found in the United States, Greenland, Denmark, China, Sweden, the Russian Federation, and Kazakhstan. Its headshield and tailshield are almost completely effaced and it has two thorax segments.

Eodiscidae

Eodiscidae is a family of agnostid trilobites that lived during the final Lower Cambrian and the Middle Cambrian. They are small or very small, and have a thorax of two or three segments. Eodiscidae includes nine genera.

<i>Cedaria</i>

Cedaria is a small, rather flat trilobite with an oval outline, a headshield and tailshield of approximately the same size, 7 articulating segments in the middle part of the body and spines at the back edges of the headshield that reach halflength of the body. Cedaria lived during the early part of the Upper Cambrian (Dresbachian), and is especially abundant in the Weeks Formation.

<i>Tricrepicephalus</i>

Tricrepicephalus is an extinct genus of ptychopariid trilobites of the family Tricrepicephalidae with species of average size. Its species lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period. Fossils of Tricrepicephalus are widespread in Late Cambrian deposits in North America, but is also known from one location in South-America. Tricrepicephalus has an inverted egg-shaped exoskeleton, with three characteristic pits in the fold that parallels the margin of the headshield just in front of the central raised area. The articulating middle part of the body has 12 segments and the tailshield carries two long, tubular, curved pygidial spines that are reminiscent of earwig's pincers that rise backwards from the plain of the body at approximately 30°.

References

  1. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus" . Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Whittington, H.B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997
  3. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus glandiformis" . Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  4. Available Generic Names for Trilobites P.A. Jell and J.M. Adrain.
  5. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus carinatus" . Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  6. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus cuneatus" . Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  7. Pratt, B.R. (1992). Trilobites of the Marjuman and Steptoean stages (Upper Cambrian), Rabbitkettle Formation, southern Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana. Vol. 9. ISBN   0920230822.