Phidippus regius

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Phidippus regius
Female Jumping Spider - Phidippus regius - Florida.jpg
Adult female from Florida
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Salticidae
Genus: Phidippus
Species:
P. regius
Binomial name
Phidippus regius
C. L. Koch, 1846
Synonyms [1]
  • Attus miniatusPeckham & Peckham, 1883
  • Attus regius(C. L. Koch, 1846)
  • Cyrtonota regia(C. L. Koch, 1846)
  • Dendryphantes miniatus(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)
  • Dendryphantes morsitansSimon, 1916
  • Dendryphantes regius(C. L. Koch, 1846)
  • Dendryphantes tullgreni(Wallace, 1950)
  • Dendryphantes variegatusFranganillo, 1930
  • Dendryphantes variegatus var. limbatusFranganillo, 1930
  • Phidippus miniatus(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)
  • Phidippus purpuriferC. L. Koch, 1846
  • Phidippus tullgreniWallace, 1950)
  • Phidippus variegatus(Franganillo, 1930)
  • Salticus sagraeusLucas, 1857

Phidippus regius, commonly known as the regal jumper, [2] is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) found in parts of the United States and the Caribbean. [1] It is the largest species of jumping spider in eastern North America. [3]

Contents

Description

Adult male P. regius measure 12 mm (0.47 in) long on average, but can range between 6 and 18 mm (0.24 and 0.71 in) long. The first pair of legs, which are disproportionately larger in large males, have an alternating black and white fringe. The opisthosoma is black with several white markings on the dorsum: a basal band, a central triangular spot, and two posterior oval spots. The chelicerae are large and iridescent green-blue-violet in color, with a tubercle on each. [1] [3]

Adult female P. regius measure 15 mm (0.59 in) long on average, with a range between 7 and 22 mm (0.28 and 0.87 in). They may exhibit white or orange markings on the opisthosoma similar to those seen in males, but the rest of the body is largely covered with scales that may be brown, orange, tan, gray, or combinations thereof. The chelicerae are iridescent green or red-violet but lack the tubercles present in males. Females have several tufts of setae around the eyes that males lack. [1] [3]

The juvenile P. regius is pale brown, with reddish-brown markings on the opisthosoma rimmed with black. The fangs are dark red. In southern populations, juvenile females may develop scales as early as the third instar, while males remain black and white throughout their life cycle. [3]

Although P. regius is considered minimally harmful to humans, there have been documented cases where the bite caused severe pain similar to a bee sting, with swelling lasting up to three months. This reaction is likely due to individual sensitivity or localized inflammation.[ citation needed ]

Habitat

A regal jumper staying near its shelter on a thistle. It attempts to capture a small winged insect.

P. regius is most commonly found in relatively open areas, such as fields and light woodland, with adults often hunting on trees or building walls. They build silken nests at night in which to sleep, often inside palm fronds or similar shelters. Females lay their eggs under tree bark or within wooden structures such as barns. [4]

Distribution

P. regius occurs in the southeastern United States, The Bahamas, Bermuda, and the Greater Antilles, and has been introduced to Easter Island. In the United States, it occurs throughout the southeast from southern Mississippi through North Carolina and South Carolina, and is most abundant in Florida. [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Edwards, G. B. (2004). "Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae)". Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods. 11. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services: 1–156. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  2. ↑ Breene, R. G. "Common Names Of Arachnids 2003 Fifth Edition" (PDF). American Arachnological Society p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Edwards, G.B. (2021). "Regal jumping spider - Phidippus regius C.L. Koch". Featured Creatures. University of Florida. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  4. ↑ Almodóvar Rivera, José R.; Mari Mutt, José A. "Animales y plantas con historias" (PDF). edicionesdigitales.org (in Spanish). University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
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