Philenoptera violacea

Philenoptera violacea
Habit
Fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Philenoptera
Species:	P. violacea
Binomial name
Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire
Synonyms
Capassa violaceaKlotzsch Lonchocarpus capassaRolfe [1]

Philenoptera violacea known also as apple leaf or rain tree, Afrikaans : Appelblaar, Sotho : Mphata, Tsonga : Mohata, Zulu : Isihomohomo, IsiNdebele: Ichithamuzi, Idungamuzi, Iphanda) is a plant species in the legume family (Fabaceae).

Etymology

The name is derived from the drops of water that fall from the tree and collect in pools on the grounds even in dry weather. This phenomenon is caused by spittle bugs (Ptyelus grossus) that infest the tree and suck the sap. After extracting sugar and salts from the sap, the almost pure water is excreted by the bugs to form the "rain". ^{[2] [3]}

Taxonomy

The rain tree was collected and depicted as Capassa violacea by Johann Klotzsch in 1861 on a field trip to Mozambique. In 2000, it was renamed as Philenoptera violacea. ^[4] Homotypic synonyms include Lonchocarpus violaceus by Daniel Olivier, 1872 and Derris violacea by Hermann Harms, 1902. ^[1]

Description

It is a medium sized tree with a sparse crown and the trunk and main branches are usually crooked. Leaves are compound with 1-2 pairs of lateral leaflets and a single terminal leaflet. The older leaves usually have a rough texture and are blue-green in colour. The bark is pale and flakes in large irregular discs.

Habitat

The rain tree is native to South Tropical & South Africa. It is common in riverine and floodplain grasslands, and in plateau miombo woodlands. It grows on alluvium and Kalahari sands. It is found at elevations of up to 1,400 m (4,600 ft). The rain tree is often grows on termite mounds. ^[5]

Distribution

It is found in the DRC (Katanga), Tanzania, Zambia, NE Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces), Eswatini and Okavango Delta, Botswana and SE Angola, . ^[5]

Status

It is a protected tree in South Africa. ^[6]

References

1. "Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire - Taxonony". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Plants of the World Online. 2000. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
2. Hyde, Mark; et al. "Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire". Flora of Zimbabwe. zimbabweflora.co.zw. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
3. FitzPatrick, Moira. "Note 20: A note on the Rain tree bug: Ptyelus grossus". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
4. "Capassa violacea, Klotzsch, Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 27, t. 28 (1861)". International Plant Names Index . Retrieved 4 August 2023.
5. "Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire - General information: Description". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Plants of the World Online. 2000. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
6. "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2013.

External links

• Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Philenoptera violacea". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.