Phosphoryl bromide

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Phosphoryl bromide
Phosphoryl bromide.svg
Phosphoryl bromide molecule spacefill.png
Names
Other names
Phosphorus oxybromide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.252 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 232-177-7
PubChem CID
UNII
UN number 1939 2576
  • InChI=1S/Br3OP/c1-5(2,3)4
    Key: UXCDUFKZSUBXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/Br3OP/c1-5(2,3)4
    Key: UXCDUFKZSUBXGM-UHFFFAOYAH
  • O=P(Br)(Br)Br
Properties
POBr3
Molar mass 286.685 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless crystals or thin plates with a faint orange tint
Odor Pungent [1]
Density 2.822 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point 56 °C (133 °F; 329 K)
Boiling point 192 °C (378 °F; 465 K)
Reacts violently with water [1]
Solubility Soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, and concentrated sulfuric acid [1]
Structure [2]
Pnma, No. 62
a = 9.467 Å, b = 9.938 Å, c = 6.192 Å
4
Tetrahedral at the P atom
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive to tissue
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Danger
H290, H314, H335
P234, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P390, P403+P233, P404, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Phosphoryl bromide, also known as phosphorus oxybromide, is an inorganic compound with the formula P O Br 3. [3]

Contents

Preparation

Phosphoryl bromide is prepared by the reaction between phosphorus pentabromide and phosphorus pentoxide: [4] [5]

3 PBr5 + P2O5 → 5 POBr3

It can also be prepared via the slow addition of liquid bromine to phosphorus tribromide at 0 °C, followed by the slow addition of water and vacuum distillation of the resulting slurry.[ citation needed ]

Structure and properties

Phosphoryl bromide forms colorless crystals or thin plates with a faint orange tint. [6] Its crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group Pnma, [2] [7] with intermolecular Br–O bridges creating infinite chains within the structure. The intermolecular bonding causes distortions from the C3v symmetry found in the free molecule. [2]

It is stored in sealed glass ampoules.

Uses

Phosphoryl bromide finds use as a specialist brominating agent.

Safety

Phosphoryl bromide reacts violently with water evolving heat, forming phosphoric acid and hydrobromic acid. Reacts with organic compounds to cause fire. Evolves highly toxic and corrosive gases when exposed to fire. When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes like bromides, oxybromides and oxides of phosphorus. It is corrosive to metals and tissues. [6] [1]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphorus tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Phosphorus tribromide is a colourless liquid with the formula PBr3. The liquid fumes in moist air due to hydrolysis and has a penetrating odour. It is used in the laboratory for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphorus pentabromide</span> Chemical compound

Phosphorus pentabromide is a reactive, yellow solid of formula PBr5, which has the structure [PBr4]+Br− in the solid state but in the vapor phase is completely dissociated to PBr3 and Br2. Rapid cooling of this phase to 15 K leads to formation of the ionic species phosphorus heptabromide.

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Phosphorus trifluoride (formula PF3), is a colorless and odorless gas. It is highly toxic and reacts slowly with water. Its main use is as a ligand in metal complexes. As a ligand, it parallels carbon monoxide in metal carbonyls, and indeed its toxicity is due to its binding with the iron in blood hemoglobin in a similar way to carbon monoxide.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenous acid</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphoryl chloride</span> Chemical compound

Phosphoryl chloride is a colourless liquid with the formula POCl3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride. It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide. It is mainly used to make phosphate esters such as tricresyl phosphate.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula HF. It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield an aqueous solution termed hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids. Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils at near room temperature, much higher than other hydrogen halides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenic pentoxide</span> Chemical compound

Arsenic pentoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula As2O5. This glassy, white, deliquescent solid is relatively unstable, consistent with the rarity of the As(V) oxidation state. More common, and far more important commercially, is arsenic(III) oxide (As2O3). All inorganic arsenic compounds are highly toxic and thus find only limited commercial applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenic tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Arsenic tribromide is the inorganic compound with the formula AsBr3. This pyramidal molecule is the only known binary arsenic bromide. AsBr3 is noteworthy for its very high refractive index of approximately 2.3. It also has a very high diamagnetic susceptibility. The compound exists as colourless deliquescent crystals that fume in moist air.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenic trichloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphorus trioxide</span> Chemical compound

Phosphorus trioxide is the chemical compound with the molecular formula P4O6. Although the molecular formula suggests the name tetraphosphorus hexoxide, the name phosphorus trioxide preceded the knowledge of the compound's molecular structure, and its usage continues today. This colorless solid is structurally related to adamantane. It is formally the anhydride of phosphorous acid, H3PO3, but cannot be obtained by the dehydration of the acid. A white solid that melts at room temperature, it is waxy, crystalline and highly toxic, with garlic odor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Indium(III) bromide, (indium tribromide), InBr3, is a chemical compound of indium and bromine. It is a Lewis acid and has been used in organic synthesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trimethylphosphine</span> Chemical compound

Trimethylphosphine is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CH3)3, commonly abbreviated as PMe3. This colorless liquid has a strongly unpleasant odor, characteristic of alkylphosphines. The compound is a common ligand in coordination chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphorus heptabromide</span> Chemical compound

Phosphorus heptabromide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PBr7. It is one of the phosphorus bromides. At normal conditions, it forms red prismatic crystals. PBr7 can be prepared by the sublimation of a mixture of phosphorus pentabromide and bromine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhenium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Rhenium(III) bromide is a chemical compound with the formula Re3Br9. It is a black lustrous crystalline solid. This compound reacts with water to form rhenium(IV) oxide and is isostructural with rhenium(III) chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiophosphoryl bromide</span> Chemical compound

Thiophosphoryl bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula PSBr3.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phosphorus-oxybromide
  2. 1 2 3 Templeton, Lieselotte K.; Templeton, David H. (1971). "The crystal structure of POBr3: space group and refinement by least squares". Acta Crystallogr. B . 27 (8): 1678–1679. doi:10.1107/S0567740871004564. S2CID   97905269.
  3. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 501–503. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  4. ↑ Hönigschmid, O.; Hirschbold‐Wittner, F. (1940). "Das Atomgewicht des Phosphors. Analyse des Phosphoroxybromids". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 243 (4): 355–360. doi:10.1002/zaac.19402430406. ISSN   1521-3749.
  5. ↑ Booth, Harold S.; Seegmiller, C. G.; Baker, Philip S.; Wexler, Sol; Johnson, Roy D. (2007-01-05), Fernelius, W. Conard (ed.), "Phosphorus(V) Oxybromide: (Phosphoryl Tribromide)", Inorganic Syntheses, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 151–152, doi:10.1002/9780470132333.ch44, ISBN   978-0-470-13233-3 , retrieved 2020-09-30
  6. 1 2 Perry, Dale L. (2011). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. p. 310. ISBN   978-1-4398-1461-1. OCLC   587104373.
  7. ↑ Okuda, Tsutomu.; Hosokawa, Kazuto.; Yamada, Koji.; Furukawa, Yoshihiro.; Negita, Hisao. (1975). "Structural study of phosphoryl bromide by means of nuclear quadrupole resonance". Inorganic Chemistry. 14 (5): 1207–1209. doi:10.1021/ic50147a048. ISSN   0020-1669.
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