Pirre hummingbird

Pirre hummingbird
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Goldmania
Species:	G. bella
Binomial name
Goldmania bella (Nelson, 1912)
Synonyms
Goethalsia bella [3]

The Pirre hummingbird (Goldmania bella), also somewhat misleadingly known as the rufous-cheeked hummingbird, ^[4] is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Panama and far northwestern Colombia. ^{[5] [3]}

Taxonomy and systematics

The Pirre hummingbird was first described by Edward William Nelson in 1912 from specimens collected near Cana and the slopes of the Cerro Pirre in the Darién National Park in eastern Panama near the border with Colombia. Nelson coined the binomial name Goethalsia bella. ^[6] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the Pirre hummingbird was closely related to the violet-capped hummingbird (Goldmania violiceps). ^[7] Most taxonomic systems moved the species into Goldmania , which has priority. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World retains it in Goethalsia. ^{[5] [8] [9] [10] [3]}

The Pirre hummingbird is monotypic: No subspecies are recognised. ^[5]

Description

The Pirre hummingbird is 8.4 to 9.5 cm (3.3 to 3.7 in) long. Males weigh about 3.0 to 3.5 g (0.11 to 0.12 oz) and females 3.0 to 4.0 g (0.11 to 0.14 oz). Both sexes have a slightly decurved bill with a black maxilla and a black-tipped pink mandible. The male has a chestnut forehead and lores. Its crown, back, rump, and uppertail coverts are metallic green; the lower back and rump have a bronzy cast. Its central pair of tail feathers have bronze green bases and black tips and the rest are cinnamon buff with black tips. Its chin is cinnamon buff, the throat, breast, and belly shiny bluish green, and the undertail coverts white. Females have entirely green upperparts without the male's chestnut forehead. Their lores are chestnut and their underparts pale cinnamon buff. ^[11]

Distribution and habitat

The Pirre hummingbird is found on a few isolated ridges in Panama's eastern Darién Province and in adjacent Chocó Department in Colombia. It inhabits the understory of the edges and interior of humid montane forest at elevations between 600 and 1,650 m (2,000 and 5,400 ft). ^[11]

Behavior

Movement

The Pirre hummingbird's movements, if any, have not been documented. ^[11]

Feeding

The Pirre hummingbird forages for nectar from near the ground to the middle levels of the forest. Its diet has not been described in detail but it has been observed feeding at Cephalus shrubs. In addition to nectar it is assumed to also feed on small arthropods like other hummingbirds. ^[11]

Breeding

Nothing is known about the Pirre hummingbird's breeding phenology and its nest has not been described. ^[11]

Songs and calls Listen to Pirre hummingbird on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library and xeno-canto have very few recordings of the Pirre hummingbird's vocalizations. It does make "a single sharp note repeated in a long series" while perched but its function is not known. ^[11]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the Pirre hummingbird as Near Threatened. It has a small range and occupies very few locations within it. "Much of the highland forest within this very restricted range remains relatively pristine because of its inaccessibility and formal protection." Its population size and trend are not known. Because it inhabits fairly high elevations, it is vulnerable to changes due to climate change. ^[1] It is variously considered rare, uncommon, fairly common, and very common at different sites. ^[11]

References

1. BirdLife International (2020). "Pirre Hummingbird Goethalsia bella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
3. HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022
4. Proposal (#304) to South American Classification Committee Archived 2008-05-08 at the Wayback Machine , museum.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
5. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
6. Nelson, Edward William (1912). "Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies of birds from Panama, Columbia and Ecuador". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 60: 1–25 [7].
7. McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 . PMID   24704078.
8. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
9. "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. August 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
10. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
11. Schulenberg, T. S. and C. W. Sedgwick (2021). Pirre Hummingbird (Goldmania bella), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ruchum1.01.1 retrieved September 1, 2022