| Planalto slaty antshrike | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Thamnophilus |
| Species: | T. pelzelni |
| Binomial name | |
| Thamnophilus pelzelni Hellmayr, 1924 | |
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| Synonyms | |
Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni | |
The planalto slaty antshrike (Thamnophilus pelzelni) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil. [2]
The planalto slaty antshrike was long treated as a subspecies of T. punctatus, which was then called the slaty antshrike. Following the results of a study published in 1997, the slaty antshrike was split into six species, of which the planalto slaty antshrike is one. To avoid confusion the remnant T. punctatus was given its present name of northern slaty antshrike. [3] [4]
The planalto slaty antshrike is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weighs 16 to 20 g (0.56 to 0.71 oz). Members of genus Thamnophilus are largish members of the antbird family; all have stout bills with a hook like those of true shrikes. This species exhibits significant sexual dimorphism. Adult males have a mixed black and gray forehead and a black crown. Their back is gray with a few black spots and a hidden white patch between their scapulars. Their face is gray. Their wings and wing coverts are brownish black with white spots and edges. Their tail is black with white tips and spots on the feathers. Their throat and belly are white and the latter often has a faint buff tinge. The rest of their underparts are gray. Adult females have a bright rufous crown and cinnamon-rufous upperparts, sometimes with a few black feather tips. Their wings are dark brown with white spots and edges and pale buff edges on the flight feathers. Their tail is dark brown with white tips on the feathers. Their underparts are light cinnamon-buff becoming almost white on the throat and belly. [5] [6]
The planalto slaty antshrike is found in central and eastern Brazil in a wide swath from eastern Maranhão, Ceará, and Paraíba southwest to northern Mato Grosso do Sul, extreme northern Paraná, and western São Paulo. In the northern part of its range it mostly inhabits deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, especially areas heavy with vines. In the southern and western parts it is mainly a bird of gallery forest. It also occurs locally in the edges of evergreen forest. In most of its range it occurs between 400 and 800 m (1,300 and 2,600 ft) of elevation and reaches 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in the central part. In all forest types it mainly keeps to the understorey to mid-storey. [5] [6]
The planalto slaty antshrike is presumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [5]
The planalto slaty antshrike's diet has not been detailed but is mostly insects and other arthropods. It usually forages singly, in pairs, or in small family groups, mostly between 1 and 5 m (3 and 16 ft) of the ground though sometimes as high as 15 m (49 ft). In general it feeds higher in areas with many vines than in other sites. It hops through vegetation, gleaning prey while reaching and lunging from a perch; it also makes short upward sallies and takes prey from the top of leaf litter on the ground. It takes prey from leaves, branches, and vines. It frequently joins mixed-species feeding flocks and has been observed following army ant swarms. [5]
The planalto slaty antshrike's breeding season has not been defined, but two active nests have been observed in October and one in January. The nests were cups suspended in a branch fork near the ground. Two contained two eggs and a third three eggs. Both parents incubated the eggs and provisioned the nestlings. [5]
The planalto slaty antshrike's song is a "short, rising, cackling series, finishing as [a] rattle, the last note lower pitched". Its call is a "downslurred, cackling 'krrrruh' ". [6]
The IUCN has assessed the planalto slaty antshrike as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered common in most of its range, which includes several large protected areas. However, in the northeastern part of its range, its habitats are "largely unprotected and are being continually cleared for agricultural development and for cutting of firewood". [5]
The barred antshrike is a passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in the Neotropics in Mexico, every country in Central America, Trinidad and Tobago, and every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay. There is also one accepted record from southern Texas.
The collared antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The silvery-cheeked antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.
The black-backed antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The band-tailed antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname.
The saturnine antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
Thamnophilus is a genus of antbird in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. The species in this genus are commonly known as antshrikes. They are insectivores that feed by gleaning prey from foliage and are found in the Neotropics.
The Amazonian antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The Sooretama slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.
The upland antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in the eastern Andes of Bolivia and southeastern Peru.
The black-crowned antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in every Central American country except El Salvador and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Castelnau's antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The mouse-colored antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The black antshrike is a species of insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia and Panama.
The blackish-grey antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, and Venezuela.
The northern slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Natterer's slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
The Bolivian slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Chapman's antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The slaty antshrikes are several species of birds in the family Thamnophilidae that used to be considered conspecific under the name slaty antshrike. The species are entirely para- or allopatric:
