Plectrogenium

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Plectrogenium
Plectrogenium nanum.jpg
P. nanum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Scorpaenidae
Subfamily: Plectrogeninae
Fowler, 1938
Genus: Plectrogenium
C. H. Gilbert, 1905
Type species
Plectrogenium nanum
Gilbert, 1905

Plectrogenium, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, the stinger flatheads, the only genus classified within the subfamily Plectrogeninae, which in turn is classified within the family Scorpaenidae. This genus is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Contents

Taxonomy

Plectrogenium was originally named as a monotypic genus in 1905 by the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert when he described what was then considered to be its only species, [1] Plectrogenium nanum, from Hawaii. [2] Plectrogenium is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Plectrogeninae which is classified within the family Scorpaenidae in the order Scorpaeniformes by some authorities. [3] Other authorities treat this taxon as part of a separate family Plectrogenidae, alongside the genus Bembradium , and place this family in the perciform suborder Platycephaloidei. [4] The genus name, Plectrogenium, is a compound of plectro, which means “spur”, and genys, which means “cheek”or “chin”, an allusion to the lines of robust spines along the sides of the head. [5]

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are: [1]

Characteristics

Plectrogenium is characterised by having a laterally compressed body with a number of spines and ridges on the head. There are venom glands on the spines in the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins. [6] The dorsal fin typically has 12 spines and 71/2 soft rays, the dorsal fin is split into 2 fins with 2 spines in the anterior part of the second dorsal fin. There are between 22 and 25 rays in the pectoral fins and they have 30-35 vertical rows of ctenoid scales on the body. There are flattened spines on the suborbital ridge which resembles that of the Platycephalidae. The mouth is positioned ventrally. [7] They are small fishes with standard lengths of less than 10 cm (3.9 in) [8]

Distribution and habitat

Plectrogenium is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans from Madagascar to Hawaii. [9] They are bathydemersal fishes which are found at depths greater than 250 m (820 ft). [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platycephalidae</span> Family of fishes

The Platycephalidae are a family of marine fish, most commonly referred to as flatheads. They are relatives of the popular lionfish, belonging to the order Scorpaeniformes.

<i>Platycephalus</i> Genus of fishes

Platycephalus is a genus of mostly marine, demersal ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae. They are found in the eastern Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tentacled flathead</span> Species of fish

The tentacled flathead, also known as the Indian Ocean crocodilefish, Madagascar flathead or longhead flathead, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. This species is in the western Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, having invaded as a Lessepsian migrant through the Suez Canal. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Papilloculiceps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bembridae</span> Family of fishes

Bembridae, the deep-water flatheads, are a family of bottom-dwelling ray-finned fishes. They are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Bembradium</i> Genus of fishes

Bembradium is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bembridae, the deepwater flatheads. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platycephaloidei</span> Suborder of fish

Platycephaloidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes, part of the order Scorpaeniformes, and includes the flatheads, ghost flatheads and sea robins.

<i>Hoplichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Hoplichthys, the ghost flatheads, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This genus is the only member of the family Hoplichthyidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mud flathead</span> Species of fish

The mud flathead is a species of flathead endemic to the Pacific coastal waters of Australia where it occurs at depths of from 15 to 53 metres on the continental shelf. This species is the only known member of its genus.

<i>Cymbacephalus</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dwarf flathead</span> Species of fish

The dwarf flathead is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. It is found in the Indo-Pacific. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Elates.

<i>Grammoplites</i> Genus of fishes

Grammoplites is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

The spiny flathead, also known as the whitefin flathead or Bengal flathead, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific region. This species is the only known member of its genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longhead flathead</span> Species of fish

The Longhead flathead, also known as the crocodile flathead or weed flathead, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. This species is endemic to reefs in the coastal waters of southern Australia.

<i>Rogadius</i> Genus of fishes

Rogadius is a genus of marine, demersal ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae. These fishes are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Insidiator</i> Genus of fishes

Insidiator is a genus of marine, demersal ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae. These fishes are native to the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Thysanophrys</i> Genus of fishes

Thysanophrys is a genus of marine, demersal ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae. These fishes are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Parabembras curta</i> Species of fish

Parabembras curta, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bembridae, the deepwater flatheads. It is found in western Pacific Ocean.

Cociella martingomoni is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. It is found in the Andaman Sea.

Cociella somaliensis is a species of demersal, marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. It is found in the north western Indian Ocean.

The semi-armed flathead is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. This species is endemic to the coastal waters of southern Australia. It was confirmed as a valid species in 2020.

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Plectrogeniidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Plectrogenium". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  3. ↑ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 468–475. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 . PMC   5501477 . PMID   28683774.
  5. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (7 December 2021). "Order PERCIFORMES: Suborder PLATYCEPHALOIDEI: Families BEMBRIDAE, PARABEMBRIDAE, PLATYCEPHALIDAE, HOPLICHTHYIDAE and PLECTROGENIIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  6. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (February 2022). "Family Plectrogeniidae - Stinger flatheads". FishBase. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  7. ↑ William N. Eschmeyer and John E. Randall (1975). "The Scorpaenid Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands Including New Species and New Records (Pisces:Scorpaenidae)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4. 40 (11): 265–334.
  8. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Plectrogenium in FishBase . February 2022 version.
  9. ↑ Matsunuma, M.; Uesaka, K.; Yamakawa, T. & Hiromitsu Endo (2022). "Review of the Indo-Pacific scorpaenoid genus Plectrogenium Gilbert 1905 (Plectrogeniidae) with descriptions of eight new species". Ichthyological Research. 69 (3): 299–351. doi:10.1007/s10228-021-00844-z.
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