Pleurobema clava

Last updated

Pleurobema clava
Pleurobema clava.JPG
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Unionida
Family: Unionidae
Genus: Pleurobema
Species:
P. clava
Binomial name
Pleurobema clava
(Lamarck, 1819)

Pleurobema clava, the clubshell, club naiad or clubshell pearly mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species is endemic to the United States. It is a federally protected endangered species [3] [4] and is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna. [2]

Clubshells prefer clean, loose sand and gravel in medium to small rivers and streams, burying themselves in the bottom substrate to depths of up to four inches. Once settled in, clubshells are long-lived, living possibly up to 50 years. Clubshells are endangered, most likely because of agricultural run-off, industrial waste, mining of streams for gravel and sand, impoundment and the proliferation of the exotic invasive species the zebra mussel. [5]

Prior to its endangered status, clubshells could be found in the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River systems, and Lake Erie drainages. [6] Currently, however, these mussels can be found in the United States in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. [7] At the time of its listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 in 1993, P. clava was likely limited to no more than twelve rivers or streams. [4] :5639

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dwarf wedgemussel</span> Species of bivalve

The dwarf wedgemussel is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern riffleshell</span> Subspecies of bivalve

The northern riffleshell is a subspecies of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This mussel is endangered and federally protected. It was proposed as a species, Epioblasma rangiana, by Williams et al. (2017).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cracking pearlymussel</span> Species of bivalve

The cracking pearlymussel is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spectacle case pearly mussel</span> Species of bivalve

Cumberlandia monodonta is a freshwater mussel endemic to the United States. Currently, C. monodonta is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

<i>Dromus dromas</i> Species of bivalve

Dromus dromas, the dromedary pearlymussel or dromedary naiad, is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems in the United States, where it has experienced a large population decline. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Epioblasma brevidens</i> Species of freshwater mussel

The Cumberlandian Combshell is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae. This species is endemic to the United States, found mainly in the states of Tennessee and Virginia. This mussel resides in medium-sized streams to large rivers. The combshell is an endangered species and protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The combshell is threatened by habitat modifications and pollution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birdwing pearlymussel</span> Species of bivalve

The birdwing pearlymussel is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This aquatic bivalve is native to Tennessee and Virginia in the United States. Its range has declined over 90%. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louisiana pearlshell</span> Species of bivalve

The Louisiana pearlshell, Margaritifera hembeli, is a rare species of bivalve mollusk in the family Margaritiferidae. This freshwater mussel is native to Louisiana in the United States, and was previously present also in Arkansas. It grows to a length of about 10 cm (4 in) and lives on the sand or gravel stream-bed in riffles and fast flowing stretches of small streams. Its life cycle involves a stage where it lives parasitically inside a fish. This mollusk is sensitive to increased sedimentation and cannot tolerate impoundments. Because of its limited range and its population decline, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated this mollusk as being "critically endangered".

<i>Medionidus acutissimus</i> Species of bivalve

Medionidus acutissimus, the Alabama moccasinshell, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is native to Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Tennessee, and possibly Florida. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

<i>Obovaria retusa</i> Species of bivalve

Obovaria retusa is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Its common names include golf stick pearly mussel

<i>Pleurobema</i> Genus of bivalves

Pleurobema is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James River spinymussel</span> Species of bivalve

The James River spinymussel, also known as the Virginia spinymussel, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is native to North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia in the United States. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. In 2017, Perkins, Johnson & Gangloff placed the species into a new genus Pavaspina on account of genetic data and its lateral spines.

<i>Pleurobema decisum</i> Species of bivalve

Pleurobema decisum, the southern clubshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

Pleurobema marshalli, the flat pigtoe or Marshall's mussel, was a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It was native to Alabama and Mississippi, but it has not been seen since 1980. Though it is still listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List and as an endangered species on the US Endangered Species List, it is likely extinct.

<i>Pleurobema oviforme</i> Species of bivalve

Pleurobema oviforme, the Tennessee clubshell, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is native to the eastern United States, where it occurs in Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. It also previously occurred in Mississippi.

<i>Theliderma sparsa</i> Species of bivalve

Theliderma sparsa, the Appalachian monkey-face pearly mussel or Appalachian monkeyface, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

<i>Villosa trabalis</i> Species of bivalve

Villosa trabalis, the Cumberland bean pearly mussel, Cumberland bean, or purple bean, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae.

The river chub is a minnow in the family Cyprinidae. It is one of the most common fishes in North American streams.

<i>Elliptio crassidens</i> Species of bivalve

Elliptio crassidens, the elephant-ear, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in Unionidae, the river-mussel family.

The Canoe Creek clubshell, also known as the Canoe Creek pigtoe, is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

References

  1. Bogan, A.E. (1996). "Pleurobema clava". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996: e.T17665A7280212. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17665A7280212.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. "Clubshell (Pleurobema clava)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  4. 1 2 58 FR 5638
  5. Watters, G. Thomas (21 September 1994). Clubshell (Pleurobema clava) and Northern Riffleshell (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Recovery Plan (PDF) (Report). Hadley, Massachusetts: Region Five U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  6. Mulcrone, Renee Sherman (2006). "Pleurobema clava". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  7. NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Pleurobema clava". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 21 April 2023.