Polygonum oxyspermum

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Polygonum oxyspermum
Polygonum oxyspermum cayeux-sur-mer 80 17092006 1.JPG
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Polygonum
Species:P. oxyspermum
Binomial name
Polygonum oxyspermum
C.A.Mey. & Bunge ex Ledeb. 1824
Synonyms [1]
  • Polygonum acadienseFernald
  • Herniaria lenticulataHuds., syn of subsp. raii
  • Polygonum mesembricumChrtek, syn of subsp. raii
  • Polygonum raiiBab., syn of subsp. raii
  • Polygonum robertiiLoisel., syn of subsp. robertii

Polygonum oxyspermum is a coastal species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family. It is native to Europe, primarily along the shores of the Atlantic, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea, from France and Ireland to Finland and Russia. [2] It is also naturalized in eastern Canada and in the US State of Maine. [3] [4]

Polygonaceae family of plants

The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus Polygonum, and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; poly means many and goni means knee or joint.

Maine State of the United States of America

Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Maine is the 12th smallest by area, the 9th least populous, and the 38th most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. It is bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and northwest respectively. Maine is the easternmost state in the contiguous United States, and the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes. It is known for its jagged, rocky coastline; low, rolling mountains; heavily forested interior; and picturesque waterways, as well as its seafood cuisine, especially lobster and clams. There is a humid continental climate throughout most of the state, including in coastal areas such as its most populous city of Portland. The capital is Augusta.

Contents

Description

Polygonum oxyspermum is green or blue-green. Annual, stems prostrate, generally run along the surface of the ground but sometimes do rise above ground level. They can be as much as 100 cm (39 in) long. Leaves are up to 35 mm (1.4 in) long. Flowers are green, white or pink, [5] in axillary clusters. [6]

Subspecies

Three subspecies are widely recognized, although some authors prefer to regard them as distinct species. [1]

Nova Scotia Province of Canada

Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime Provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada. Its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest of Canada's ten provinces, with an area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,300 sq mi), including Cape Breton and another 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2016, the population was 923,598. Nova Scotia is Canada's second-most-densely populated province, after Prince Edward Island, with 17.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (45/sq mi).

Prince Edward Island Province of Canada

Prince Edward Island is a province of Canada consisting of the Atlantic island of the same name along with several much smaller islands nearby. PEI is one of the three Maritime Provinces. It is the smallest province of Canada in both land area and population, but it is the most densely populated. Part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq, it became a British colony in the 1700s and was federated into Canada as a province in 1873. Its capital is Charlottetown. According to the 2016 census, the province of PEI has 142,907 residents.

New Brunswick province in Canada

New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada. According to the Constitution of Canada, New Brunswick is the only bilingual province. About two thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones and a third francophones. One third of the population describes themselves as bilingual. Atypically for Canada, only about half of the population lives in urban areas, mostly in Greater Moncton, Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton.

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References

  1. 1 2 "Polygonum oxyspermum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew via The Plant List.
  2. Online Atlas of the British and Irish flora, Polygonum oxyspermum (Ray`s Knotgrass)
  3. "Polygonum oxyspermum (Ray's knotweed)". Go Botany. New England Wildflower Society.
  4. Wilde Planten in Nederland en België, Zandvarkensgras in Dutch with photos and global distribution map
  5. Costea, Mihai; Tardif, François J.; Hinds, Harold R. (2005). "Polygonum oxyspermum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 5. New York and Oxford via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN   978-185918-4783
  7. "Polygonum oxyspermum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  8. "Polygonum raii". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  9. Acta Plantarum, Polygonum robertii Loisel. – Poligono di Robert