Polymita picta

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Polymita picta
Polymita picta 01.JPG
Five views of a shell of Polymita picta, typical colour
CITES Appendix I (CITES) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Helminthoglyptidae
Genus: Polymita
Species:
P. picta
Binomial name
Polymita picta
(Born, 1778)

Polymita picta, also known as the Cuban painted snail, or the oriente tree snail, is a species of large, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helminthoglyptidae. [2]

Contents

It is the type species of the genus Polymita, and is endemic to Eastern Cuba.

Subspecies and varietas

Subspecies and varietas within this species include: [3]

Distribution and habitat

This snail is endemic to Cuba.They spread from the ocean to the sea of the northeastern coast. AMNH(2017).Animals of Cuba:Painted snails.Publisher.P.1 [4] These arboreal molluscs live mainly in coastal habitats in the subtropical forest, with a preference for certain tree species including Chrysobalanus icaco , Metopium toxifera , Metopium brownei , Bursera simaruba and Coccoloba retusa . [5]

Variability of the Painted snail Helminthoglyptidae - Polymita picta.JPG
Variability of the Painted snail

Description

Shells of Polymita picta can reach a length of about 20 millimetres (0.79 in). These large shells are shiny and very brightly colored. Normally they show a bright yellow color with a white stripe,[ according to whom? ] but the species is well known for its colourful shell polymorphism, with numerous color varieties. [6]

Shell colors vary (polymorphism ) depending on the diet of the snail. Some researchers suspect it is a defense mechanism to evade predators by confusing them. [7]

These shells are sought after by poachers and used to make jewelry and trinkets. As a result, the species has become endangered. [8] It is a protected species since 1943 by the Cuban legislation which prohibits the export except for scientific reasons. [9]

Biology

Drawing of a love dart of P. picta Polymita picta dart.jpg
Drawing of a love dart of P. picta

Polymita picta mainly feeds on lichen, moss and on fungal biofilms present on bark and leaves. The life cycle lasts about 15 months, with breeding time during the wet season (September- October). The snails become dormant in the dry season (December- beginning of May). [10]

Like most air-breathing land snails, Polymita picta has female and male reproductive organs (hermaphroditic), it is unable to self-fertilize. Moreover similarly to other gastropods in the superfamily Helicoidea, this species uses love darts as part of its mating behavior. Mating can be divided into three stages: courtship, copulation and post-copulation. This can appear as wiping, running, and stabbing known as dart apparatus. During the courtship these snails spear the partner with a calcareous dart. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-lipped snail</span> Species of gastropod

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<i>Helix pomatia</i> Species of gastropod

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sexual conflict</span> Term in evolutionary biology

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<i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i> Species of gastropod

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicoidea</span> Superfamily of gastropods

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Land snail</span> Common name for many species of snail

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helminthoglyptinae</span> Subfamily of land snails

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<i>Trochulus hispidus</i> Species of gastropod

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Philomycus carolinianus, also known as the Carolina mantleslug, is a species of land slug. It is a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family of Philomycidae. This species is a part of the fauna of the Carolinian Forest in Canada. This species is also a plays a vital role in the ecosystem through nutrient cycling.

<i>Chilostoma planospira</i> Species of gastropod

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<i>Leptaxis nivosa</i> Species of gastropod

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<i>Polymita</i> Genus of gastropods

Polymita is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helminthoglyptidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reproductive system of gastropods</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mating of gastropods</span>

The mating of gastropods is a vast and varied topic, because the taxonomic class Gastropoda is very large and diverse, a group comprising sea snails and sea slugs, freshwater snails and land snails and slugs. Gastropods are second only to the class Insecta in terms of total number of species. Some gastropods have separate sexes, others are hermaphroditic. Some hermaphroditic groups have simultaneous hermaphroditism, whereas some sequential hermaphroditism. In addition, numerous very different mating strategies are used within different taxa.

References

Shells of P. picta Helminthoglyptidae - Polymita picta-001.JPG
Shells of P. picta
  1. "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  2. Biolib
  3. Subspecies and varietas of P. picta - Polymita Taxonomy
  4. Claudio Galli WMSDB - Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base
  5. Genus Polymita
  6. Pinterest
  7. Attenborough, David (2021). Hiding in Colour (film).
  8. "'World's most beautiful snails' threatened by illegal trade". National Geographic. 2020-07-15. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  9. Prohibición de Exportar Polymitas, a no ser mediante justificación para actividades o fines cíentificos. Decreto Ley no. 932, Gaceta Oficial Republica de Cuba, March 27, 1943, p. 5095.
  10. 1 2 Bernardo Reyes-Tur1, John A. Allen, Nilia Cuellar-Araujo, Norvis Hernández, Monica Lodi, Abelardo A. Méndez-Hernández and Joris M. Koene Mating behaviour, dart shape and spermatophore morphology of the Cuban tree snail Polymita picta (Born, 1780) [ dead link ]
  11. Joris M. Koene and Hinrich Schulenburg Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails in BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2005, 5:25, DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-5-25.

Bibliography