| Helicoidea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Helix pomatia , the Roman snail | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Infraorder: | Helicoidei |
| Superfamily: | Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815 |
| Families | |
See text. | |
Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.
The Bouchet et al. 2017 [1] nomenclator provides an up to date system of Helicoidea. The system is in some parts preliminary, as the authors relied on unpublished (as of 2023) phylogenomic study, which did not include all New World taxa. They classified Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae and Xanthonychidae (provisionally also Lysinoidae and Echinichidae) as subfamilies of the last taxon, because there are no deep splits between them in the cited unpublished study (see also Koene & Schulenburg 2005 [5] ).
Cepolidae, Labyrinthidae and Thysanophoridae constitute the sister group of the remaining Helicoidea. [1]
Razkin et al. (2015) [6] reorganized classification into monophyletic taxa according to the molecular phylogeny. This study is focus on Western Palaearctic species. The Hygromiidae s.l. family was divided into three families, Canariellidae, Geomitridae and Hygromiidae. Moreover, the family Cochlicellidae was including within the Geomitridae family as a tribe (Cochlicellini).
The classification proposed for Western Palaearctic Helicoidea is as follows:
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Thompson & Naranjo-García (2012) described a new family Echinichidae and placed it to the superfamily Xanthonychoidea. [7] Therefore, the family Xanthonychidae was moved from Helicoidea to Xanthonychoidea.
There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. [8] [9]
According to H. Nordsieck [10] the family Xanthonychidae (sensu Hausdorf & Bouchet) is probably polyphyletic (contains several different lineages) and therefore should be divided into several families.
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks.
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.
Stylommatophora is an order of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. Stylommatophorans lack an operculum, but some close their shell apertures with temporary "operculum" (epiphragm) made of calcified mucus. They have two pairs of retractile tentacles, the upper pair of which bears eyes on the tentacle tips. All stylommatophorans are hermaphrodites.
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks. The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal Malacologia. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain.
The Helminthoglyptinae are a subfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the family Xanthonychidae.
Xanthonychidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
Trissexodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
Sphincterochilidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
Pleurodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
Halolimnohelicidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. This family has no subfamilies.
Epiphragmophorinae is a subfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Xanthonychidae. This family has no subfamilies.
Elonidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
Cepolidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.
Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.
Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs.
The Testacelloidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina of the order Stylommatophora.
The Achatinoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the suborder Achatinina.
Urocoptoidea is a superfamily of land snails, gastropods in the suborder Helicina.
Xanthonychoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, land slugs and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the clade Stylommatophora.
Geomitridae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.