Prolibytherium

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Prolibytherium
Temporal range: Burdigalian
~16.9–15.97  Ma
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Prolibytherium magnieri life restoration.jpg
Prolibytherium magnieri restoration, with female (left) and male (right)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family:† Prolibytheriidae
Genus:† Prolibytherium
Arambourg, 1961
Type species
†Prolibytherium magnieri
Species
  • †P. fusumDanowitz et al., 2016
  • †P. magnieriArambourg, 1961

Prolibytherium is an extinct genus of prolibytheriid artiodactyl ungulate native to Middle Miocene North Africa and Pakistan, from around 16.9 to 15.97 million years ago. Fossils of Prolibytherium were found in the Marada Formation of Libya, Vihowa Formation of Pakistan, and the Moghara Formation of Egypt. [1]

Contents

Description

The 1.80 metres (5 ft 11 in) long creature would have superficially resembled an okapi or a deer. Unlike these, however, Prolibytherium displayed dramatic sexual dimorphism, in that the male had a set of large, leaf-shaped ossicones with a width of 35 centimetres (14 in), while the female had a set of slender, horn-like ossicones. [2]

The taxonomic status of Prolibytherium remains in flux. At one time, it was described as a relative of Sivatherium (as a precursor to "Libytherium maurusium" (S. maurusium)). Later, it would be regarded as a palaeomerycid, or either as a climacoceratid, or as a basal member of Giraffoidea. With the discovery and study of a female skull in 2010, Prolibytherium is tentatively confirmed as a climacoceratid. [2] A recent study published in 2022 found it to be part of a separate family, Prolibytheriidae. [3]

References

  1. ↑ "Prolibytherium". Fossilworks . Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  2. 1 2 Sánchez, Israel M.; Quiralte, Victoria; Morales, Jorge; Azanza, Beatriz; Pickford, Martin (2010). "Sexual dimorphism of the frontal appendages of the early Miocene African pecoran Prolibytherium Arambourg, 1961 (Mammalia, Ruminantia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 30 (4): 1306–1310. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30.1306S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483555. JSTOR   40864406. S2CID   86847446.
  3. ↑ Wang, S.-Q.; Ye, J.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Costeur, L.; Mennecart, B.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, J.; Aiglstorfer, M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Wu, W.-Y.; Deng, T. (2022). "Sexual selection promotes giraffoid head-neck evolution and ecological adaptation". Science. 376 (6597): 1306–1310. doi: 10.1126/science.abl8316 . PMID   35653459. S2CID   249313002.


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