Pseudopestalotiopsis theae

Last updated

Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Amphisphaeriales
Family: Sporocadaceae
Genus: Pseudopestalotiopsis
Species:
P. theae
Binomial name
Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
(Sawada) Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous
Synonyms

Pestalotia theaeSawada, (1915)Pestalotiopsis theae(Sawada) Steyaert, (1949)

Contents

Pseudopestalotiopsis theae is a plant pathogen affecting tea.

Pseudopestalotiopsis theae is known to cause 'Gray Tea Blight' on tea tree plants. It damages production and alters the quality of the tea produced. It mainly infects mature and old plant foliage and can also infect young shoots. Under conditions of high temperature and high humidity it can lead to defoliation of the plants. It was first found in 1973 in Kagoshima, Japan and was originally called 'zonate leaf spot' (Takaya 1978). [1] and then formally identified and published as Pestalotiopsis theae.

Fungal pathogens present such a major threat to tea leaves that it requires use of chemical fungicides. But due to the polluting effects of the fungicides which has resulted in tighter health and environmental regulations. Studies have shown antifungal activity of plant extracts against pathogens of rice, tomato, wheat, pea, and other important crops (Rana et al., [2] Sindhan et al., Hu et al). [3] Anti-fungal components from plants have been researched in treatment off the fungus. [4]

In 1999, the first report of leaf blight on sweet persimmon tree by Pestalotiopsis theae in Spain was documented. [5]

When the genus Pseudopestalotiopsis was created in 2014, [6] Pestalotiopsis theae was transferred into the genus as well. Pseudopestalotiopsis theae is also found in India and China, while a similar blight causing fungus Pestalotiopsis longiseta (within the same family) is only found in Japan. [7]

In 2018, it has also been found to cause leaf spots on Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) leaves in China. The oval to irregular (in shape) spots were recorded as being brown with a yellow margin which was 1 to 20 mm in diameter. [8] Previously, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae was reported on oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Sierra Leone and also in Thailand. [9] [10] It was then recorded causing leaf spot on Euonymus japonicus plants in China in 2022. The infected leaves had yellow spots of 1.2 to 4.9 mm in diameter, which then expanded to become large and irregular shaped lesions, having white center surrounded by a brown halo. [11]

In 2019 in a rural part of India, a 55 year old woman was treated in hospital for Pseudopestalotiopsis keratitis (a fungal infection within the cornea of the eye) causing pain, redness, and decreased vision in the right eye. It was discovered using DNA sequencing to be Pseudopestalotiopsis theae. Scarring on the cornea meant the patient never regained full sight but recovered enough to leave hospital. [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

Alternaria japonica is a fungal plant pathogen. It is a cause of black spot disease in cruciferous plants. It is not a major source of crop loss, but is considered dangerous for plants during the seedling stage.

Albugo occidentalis, the causal agent of spinach white rust, is an oomycete plant pathogen, although some discussions still treat it as a fungal organism. Albugo occidentalis is one of the most important spinach diseases in North America, found throughout the United States east of the rocky mountains.

Pestalotiopsis palmarum is the causative agent of a fungal disease of bananas, coconut and Date palms. The fungus causes leaf spots, petiole/rachis blights and sometimes bud rot of palms. Unlike other leaf spot and blight diseases, Pestalotiopsis palmarun attacks all parts of the leaf from the base to the tip. Whereas most diseases only infect the leaf blade or the leaf petiole.

Pestalotiopsis sydowiana is a plant pathogen infecting azaleas, heather, loquats, and rhododendrons.

<i>Corynespora cassiicola</i> Species of fungus

Corynespora cassiicola is a species of fungus well known as a plant pathogen. It is a sac fungus in the family Corynesporascaceae. It is the type species of the genus Corynespora.

Pseudocercospora fuligena is a fungal plant pathogen infecting tomatoes. It is the cause of the fungal disease black leaf mold. The fungus was first described in the Philippines in 1938 and has since been reported in numerous countries throughout the tropics and subtropics. It was reported in the United States in 1974, initially in Florida, and has since been reported in non-tropical regions including Ohio and North Carolina.

<i>Pseudocercospora subsessilis</i> Species of fungus

Pseudocercospora subsessilis is a fungal plant pathogen infecting chinaberry tree. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas on host species of the genera Azadirachta and Swietenia.

Calonectria ilicicola is a fungal plant pathogen in the family Nectriaceae. It has been found to cause leaf spot in holly, root rot in blueberry, red crown rot in soybean, a root and crown rot of anthurium, and a soft rot of ginger.

<i>Didymella bryoniae</i> Species of fungus

Didymella bryoniae, syn. Mycosphaerella melonis, is an ascomycete fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight on the family Cucurbitaceae, which includes cantaloupe, cucumber, muskmelon and watermelon plants. The anamorph/asexual stage for this fungus is called Phoma cucurbitacearum. When this pathogen infects the fruit of cucurbits it is called black rot.

Nigrospora sphaerica is an airborne filamentous fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is found in soil, air, and plants as a leaf pathogen. It can occur as an endophyte where it produces antiviral and antifungal secondary metabolites. Sporulation of N. sphaerica causes its initial white coloured colonies to rapidly turn black. N. sphaerica is often confused with the closely related species N. oryzae due to their morphological similarities.

<i>Phoma destructiva</i> Species of fungus

Phoma destructiva is a fungal plant pathogen infecting tomatoes and potatoes.

Drechslera andersenii is a fungus that is a plant pathogen. It was originally found on the leaves of Lolium perenne in Great Britain. It was also found on Italian ryegrass.

<i>Pestalotiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Pestalotiopsis is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the Sporocadaceae family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boxwood blight</span> Fungal disease affecting boxwoods

Boxwood blight is a widespread fungal disease affecting boxwoods, caused by Cylindrocladium buxicola. The disease causes widespread leaf loss and eventual death.

<i>Zanthoxylum schinifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Zanthoxylum schinifolium, also called mastic-leaf prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae, the citrus family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alternaria leaf spot</span> Fungal plant disease

Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight are a group of fungal diseases in plants, that have a variety of hosts. The diseases infects common garden plants, such as cabbage, and are caused by several closely related species of fungi. Some of these fungal species target specific plants, while others have been known to target plant families. One commercially relevant plant genus that can be affected by Alternaria Leaf Spot is Brassica, as the cosmetic issues caused by symptomatic lesions can lead to rejection of crops by distributors and buyers. When certain crops such as cauliflower and broccoli are infected, the heads deteriorate and there is a complete loss of marketability. Secondary soft-rotting organisms can infect stored cabbage that has been affected by Alternaria Leaf Spot by entering through symptomatic lesions. Alternaria Leaf Spot diseases that affect Brassica species are caused by the pathogens Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola.

Epicoccum sorghinum is an ascomycete fungus with known plant pathogenicity to sugarcane and rice, causing ring spot disease and leaf spot disease. This fungus is primarily known for its production of tenuazonic acid, which leads to complications with growth and causes the symptoms of leaf spot disease. Tenuazonic acid not only affects plant growth, but has recently been proven to impact human health due to its prevalence in food and beverages. It is widely dispersed, affecting multiple hosts in different countries. Although not a serious threat, Epicoccum sorghinum has been known to influence the sorghum grain-mold complex in ways which reduce crop yields, seed viability, and kernel weight. As a result of continuous phylogenetic and morphological discoveries relevant to Epicoccum sorghinum, this fungus has undergone a number of name changes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sporocadaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Sporocadaceae are a family of fungi, that was formerly in the order Xylariales. It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020.

Pseudopestalotiopsis is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

References

  1. ↑ Takaya, S. 1978. New diseases of tea plant. JARQ 12:138-140
  2. ↑ Rana, B.K.; Taneja, V.; Singh, U.P. (1999). "Antifungal activity of an aqueous extract of leaves of garlic creeper (Adenocilymma alliaceum. Miers.)". Pharm Biol. 37: 13–16.
  3. ↑ Hu, K.; Dong, A.; Sun, Q.; Yao, X. (2001). "Bioactivity of 247 traditional Chinese medicines against Pyricularia oryzae". Pharm Biol. 39: 47–53.
  4. ↑ Saha, D.; Dasgupta, S.; Saha, A. (2005). "Antifungal Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Fungal Pathogens of Tea (Camellia sinensis.)". Pharmaceutical Biology. 43 (1): 87–91. doi: 10.1080/13880200590903426 .
  5. ↑ Tuset, J.J.; Hinarejos, C.; Mira, J.L. (1999). "First report of leaf blight on sweet persimmon tree by Pestalotiopsis theae in Spain". Plant Disease. 83: 1070.
  6. ↑ Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Xu, J.; Crous, P.W. (2014). "Pestalotiopsis revisited". Studies in Mycology. 79: 121‑186. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.005. PMC   4255583 . PMID   25492988.
  7. ↑ Zheng, Shiqin; Chen, Ruiqi; Wang, Zhe; Liu, Juan; Cai, Yan; Peng, Minghui; Zhang, Tian; Li, Yunxi; Wang, Baohua; Bao, Jiandong; Zhang, Dongmei; Wang, Zonghua; Hu, Hongli (2021). "High-Quality Genome Assembly of Pathogenic Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, the Pathogenic Fungus Causing Tea Gray Blight". Plant Disease. 105: 3723–3726. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0318-A .
  8. ↑ Tao, Yongxin; Quan, Xinhua; Khokhar, Ibatsam; Anjum, Tehmina; Song, Hanbing; Mukhtar, Irum (20 August 2020). "First Report of Pseudopestalotiopsis theae Causing Leaf Spot of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in China". Plant Dis. 105 (2): 508. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1356-PDN .
  9. ↑ Suwannarach, N., et al. 2013. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 79: 277-279.
  10. ↑ Turner, P.D. 1971. Phytopathol. 14: 1-58.
  11. ↑ Ma, W.; Liu, M.; Liu, L.; Tang, Z.; Dan, Y.; Cui, X.; Yin, F. (3 October 2022). "First Report of Pseudopestalotiopsis theae Causing Leaf Spot on Euonymus japonicus in China". Plant Dis. 107 (4): 1238. doi:10.1094/PDIS-07-22-1722-PDN.
  12. ↑ Sane, Sayali; Sharma, Savitri; Konduri, Ranjith; Fernandes, Merle (January 2019). "Emerging corneal pathogens First report of Pseudopestalotiopsis theae keratitis". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 67 (1): 150–152. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_791_18 . PMC   6324099 . PMID   30574929.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.