Pseudotremella moriformis

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Pseudotremella moriformis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Tremellomycetes
Order: Tremellales
Family: Bulleraceae
Genus: Pseudotremella
Species:
P. moriformis
Binomial name
Pseudotremella moriformis
(Sm. & Sowerby) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout (2015)
Synonyms

Tremella moriformisSm. & Sowerby (1812)
Dacrymyces moriformis(Sm. & Sowerby) Fr. (1822)
Tremella colorata Peck (1873)
Tremella atroglobosa Lloyd (1922)

Contents

Pseudotremella moriformis is a species of fungus in the family Bulleraceae. It produces dark purple, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi ( Diaporthe species) on dead herbaceous stems and wood. It was originally described from England.

Taxonomy and etymology

As Tremella moriformis, the species was originally described from Surrey in 1812 by English naturalists James Edward Smith and James Sowerby. It remained in Tremella until 2015 when molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, showed that it was only distantly related to this genus and belonged instead to the newly proposed Pseudotremella in the family Bulleraceae. [1]

Tremella atroglobosa, described from Brazil, and T. colorata, described from the US, are widely considered synonyms of T. moriformis. [2] [3]

The Latin epithet "moriformis" means "mulberry-shaped", with reference to both the shape and colour of typical fruit bodies.

Description

Fruit bodies are gelatinous, dark purple-black, pustular, up to 0.5 cm across, but sometimes becoming larger (up to 1.5 cm across) and cerebriform (brain-like) through confluence. They emerge from the perithecia of their host. Microscopically, the basidia are tremelloid (globose to ellipsoid, with vertical or oblique septa), 2 to 4-celled, 15 to 22 by 14 to 20 μm. The basidiospores are subglobose, smooth, 8 to 9 by 8.5 to 10 μm. [4]

Similar species

Several species, such as Tremella globispora and Tremella exigua , produce similarly shaped, gelatinous fruit bodies on pyrenomycetous hosts, but are differently coloured, ranging from hyaline and white to brown or greenish black. [4]

Habitat and distribution

Pseudotremella moriformis is a parasite on Diaporthe species and possibly other ascomycetous hosts. It is found on dead, attached or fallen wood of deciduous trees. [4]

The species was described from England and has been reported elsewhere in the United Kingdom and from continental Europe in Belgium, [5] France, [6] Germany, [4] Italy, [7] [8] Poland, [9] Portugal, [10] and Spain. [10] Outside Europe, the species has also been reported from Canada, [11] the US, [7] [11] and Brazil. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Species of edible fungus

Tremella fuciformis is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China. T. fuciformis is commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears.

<i>Tremella</i> Genus of fungi

Tremella is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All Tremella species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of Tremella are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Tremella fuciformis, is commercially cultivated for food.

<i>Exidia thuretiana</i> Species of fungus

Exidia thuretiana is a jelly fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. The fruit bodies are white and gelatinous with brain-like folds. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached or fallen branches of broadleaf trees, especially beech.

<i>Myxarium nucleatum</i> Species of fungus

Myxarium nucleatum is a species of fungus in the family Hyaloriaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of crystal brain. The fruit bodies are watery white, pustular or lobed, and gelatinous with small, white, mineral inclusions visible to the naked eye. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached or fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is currently not clear whether collections from North America and elsewhere represent the same species.

<i>Phaeotremella</i> Genus of fungi

Phaeotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeotremellaceae. All Phaeotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Fifteen or so species of Phaeotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Tremella sanguinea, shown to be a Phaeotremella species by DNA sequencing, is cultivated in China as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

<i>Phaeotremella frondosa</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella frondosa is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae producing brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions, and is parasitic on other species of fungi that grow on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees.

<i>Phaeotremella foliacea</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella foliacea is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum sanguinolentum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. It is widespread in north temperate regions. In the UK it has the recommended English name leafy brain and has also been called jelly leaf and brown witch's butter. Prior to 2017, the name Tremella foliacea was also applied to similar-looking species on broadleaf trees, now distinguished as Phaeotremella frondosa and Phaeotremella fimbriata.

<i>Naematelia aurantia</i> Species of yellow, parasitic fungus

Naematelia aurantia is a species of fungus producing yellow, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is commonly called golden ear in North America.

Pseudotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Bulleraceae. All Pseudotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Four species of Pseudotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Two of these species are, as yet, only known from their yeast states.

<i>Cystobasidium fimetarium</i> Species of fungus

Cystobasidium fimetarium is a species of fungus in the order Cystobasidiales. It is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps on various ascomycetous fungi on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. The species is known from Europe and North America.

<i>Tremella iduensis</i> Species of fungus

Tremella iduensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, cornute-frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi, probably species of Hypoxylon on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It has been recorded from Japan and China. Tremella flava, described from Taiwan, may be a synonym.

<i>Phaeotremella mycophaga</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella mycophaga is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps on the hymenium of the corticioid fungi Aleurodiscus amorphus and A. grantii on conifers.

Tremella samoensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces red to orange-yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Samoa and the Philippines, but is widely distributed in the region.

Tremella olens is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces soft, whitish, lobed to frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Tasmania.

Tremella brasiliensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Brazil.

<i>Tremella globispora</i> Species of fungus

Tremella globispora is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces hyaline, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi on dead herbaceous stems and wood. It was originally described from England.

Tremella roseolutescens is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces rose-pink to salmon, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead attached branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Costa Rica.

Tremella versicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the basidiocarps of Peniophora species, a genus of corticioid fungi, on dead attached or recently fallen branches. It was originally described from England.

Tremella exigua is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, dark, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi on dead branches of trees and shrubs. It was originally described from France.

Phaeotremella translucens is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on ascocarps of Lophodermium species on decaying pine needles. It was originally described from Scotland.

References

  1. ↑ Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY (2015). "Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 81: 85–147. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001. PMC   4777781 . PMID   26955199.
  2. ↑ Donk MA. (1966). "Check list of European hymenomycetous heterobasidiae". Persoonia. 4: 145–335.
  3. 1 2 Lowy B. (1971). Flora Neotropica 6: Tremellales. New York: Hafner. ISBN   0-89327-220-5.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Chen C-J (1998). Morphological and molecular studies in the genus Tremella. Berlin: J. Cramer. p. 225. ISBN   978-3-443-59076-5.
  5. ↑ Schoutteten J, van de Put K (2008). "Enkele Interessante heterobasidiomyceten uit België". Sterbeeckia. 28: 42–44.
  6. ↑ Bourdot H, Galzin A (1928). Hyménomycètes de France. Sceaux.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. 1 2 Coker WC (1920). "Notes on the lower basidiomycetes of North Carolina". Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. 35: 113–182.
  8. ↑ Lonati G. (1997). "Heterobasidiomycetes in area Mediterranea". Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea. 12: 99–113.
  9. ↑ Wojewoda W (2003). Biodiversity of Poland, Vol. 7: Checklist of Polish larger basidiomycetes. Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences. p. 812.
  10. 1 2 Dueñas M (2002). Annotated list of heterobasidiomycetous fungi for the Iberian peninsula and Balearic Islands. Berlin: J. Cramer. p. 90. ISBN   9783443590987.
  11. 1 2 Hanson LC, Wells K (1991). "Compatibility and population studies of three species of Tremella". Mycologia. 83 (3): 273–287. doi:10.2307/3759987.
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