Tremella exigua

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Tremella exigua
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Tremellomycetes
Order: Tremellales
Family: Tremellaceae
Genus: Tremella
Species:
T. exigua
Binomial name
Tremella exigua
Desm. (1847)
Synonyms

Tremella exigua is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, dark, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi ( Diaporthe and Cucurbitaria species) on dead branches of trees and shrubs. It was originally described from France.

Contents

Taxonomy

Tremella exigua was first published in 1847 by French mycologist John Baptiste Desmazières based on a collection from France on a dead branch of ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ). [1]

Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries had earlier described Agyrium atrovirens, a species interpreted as synonymous with T. exigua, on the same host tree from Sweden. [2] [3] The name is not available in Tremella , however, since the combination Tremella atrovirens is an illegitimate homonym of the earlier, unrelated T. atrovirens Bull. [3]

Tremella genistae, described from Belgium on broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), is considered a further synonym. The name Tremella virescens Schumach. has also been used for this species, but its interpretation is doubtful. [3]

Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, suggests that Tremella exigua is not closely related to Tremella sensu stricto, but belongs in a separate (but as yet unnamed) genus in the family Bulleraceae. [4]

Description

Fruit bodies are gelatinous, olive-black, up to 8 mm across, pustular at first, sometimes becoming cerebriform (brain-like). Microscopically, the hyphae have clamp connections and the basidia are tremelloid (globose to clavate, with oblique septa), 4-celled, 18 to 36 by 8 to 15 μm. Basidiospores are globose to subglobose 7 to 10 by 6.5 to 10 μm in diameter. [5] [6]

Similar species

Gelatinous fruit bodies of Tremella globispora and Tremella indecorata are of similar size and shape and have also been recorded as parasites of Diaporthe species, but are hyaline (colourless) or whitish to brown, without green or black tints. [6] Species of Nostoc are greenish black and gelatinous, but are cyanobacteria (not fungi) and form growths that are typically more extensive and often terrestrial. [7]

Habitat and distribution

Tremella exigua is a parasite on lignicolous pyrenomycetes, including species of Diaporthe and Cucurbitaria . Though originally described from ash, the species is more commonly found on dead branches of gorse ( Ulex europaeus ), broom (Cytisus scoparius), and barberry ( Berberis vulgaris ). [6]

The species was originally described from France and has been widely recorded in Europe. [7] [6] Tremella exigua has also been reported from Canada and Ecuador. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Tremella</i> Genus of fungi

Tremella is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All Tremella species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of Tremella are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Tremella fuciformis, is commercially cultivated for food.

<i>Myxarium nucleatum</i> Species of fungus

Myxarium nucleatum is a species of fungus in the family Hyaloriaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of crystal brain. The fruit bodies are watery white, pustular or lobed, and gelatinous with small, white, mineral inclusions visible to the naked eye. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached or fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is currently not clear whether collections from North America and elsewhere represent the same species.

<i>Phaeotremella</i> Genus of fungi

Phaeotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeotremellaceae. All Phaeotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Fifteen or so species of Phaeotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Tremella sanguinea, shown to be a Phaeotremella species by DNA sequencing, is cultivated in China as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

<i>Phaeotremella frondosa</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella frondosa is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae producing brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions, and is parasitic on other species of fungi that grow on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees.

<i>Phaeotremella foliacea</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella foliacea is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum sanguinolentum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. It is widespread in north temperate regions. In the UK it has the recommended English name leafy brain and has also been called jelly leaf and brown witch's butter. Prior to 2017, the name Tremella foliacea was also applied to similar-looking species on broadleaf trees, now distinguished as Phaeotremella frondosa and Phaeotremella fimbriata.

<i>Naematelia aurantia</i> Species of yellow, parasitic fungus

Naematelia aurantia is a species of fungus producing yellow, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is commonly called golden ear in North America.

Phaeotremella roseotincta is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces pinkish to pale pinkish brown, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Japan and has also been recorded from far eastern Russia.

<i>Phaeotremella mycophaga</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella mycophaga is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps on the hymenium of the corticioid fungi Aleurodiscus amorphus and A. grantii on conifers.

Tremella wrightii is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces light brown to orange-brown, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Cuba.

<i>Tremella vesiculosa</i> Species of fungus

Tremella vesiculosa is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces light brown, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from New Zealand.

Tremella samoensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces red to orange-yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Samoa and the Philippines, but is widely distributed in the region.

Tremella brasiliensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Brazil.

<i>Tremella globispora</i> Species of fungus

Tremella globispora is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces hyaline, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi on dead herbaceous stems and wood. It was originally described from England.

Tremella roseolutescens is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces rose-pink to salmon, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead attached branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Costa Rica.

Tremella salmonea is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces pale orange to salmon, foliose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on wood of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from China.

Tremella yokohamensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces white, foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead wood of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Japan.

Tremella versicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the basidiocarps of Peniophora species, a genus of corticioid fungi, on dead attached or recently fallen branches. It was originally described from England.

Tremella mesenterella is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellowish to reddish brown, foliose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on corticioid fungi on dead branches of broadleaf trees and shrubs. It was originally described from Canada.

Phaeotremella translucens is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on ascocarps of Lophodermium species on decaying pine needles. It was originally described from Scotland.

Pseudotremella moriformis is a species of fungus in the family Bulleraceae. It produces dark purple, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi on dead herbaceous stems and wood. It was originally described from England.

References

  1. ↑ Desmazières JB (1847). "Quatorzième notice sur les plantes cryptogames récemment découvertes en France". Annales des sciences naturelles, sér. 3. 8: 172–192.
  2. ↑ Bandoni RJ. (1961). "The genus Naematelia". American Midland Naturalist. 66 (2): 319–328. doi:10.2307/2423032. JSTOR   2423032.
  3. 1 2 3 Donk MA. (1966). "Check list of European hymenomycetous heterobasidiae". Persoonia. 4: 145–335.
  4. ↑ Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY (2015). "Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 81: 85–147. doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001 . PMC   4777781 .
  5. ↑ Malysheva VF, Malysheva EF, Bulakh EM (2015). "The genus Tremella (Tremellales, Basidiomycota) in Russia with description of two new species and proposal of one nomenclatural combination". Phytotaxa. 238: 40–70. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.2.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Zibarova L. "Přehlížený druh Tremella exigua – rosolovka drobná v ČR". Mykologické listy. 143: 25–30.
  7. 1 2 Albers J, Grauwinkel B (2013). "Kritische Betrachtungen zu Tremella exigua Desm". Zeitschrift für Mykologie. 79: 455–482.
  8. ↑ Chen C-J. (1998). Morphological and molecular studies in the genus Tremella. Berlin: J. Cramer. p. 225. ISBN   978-3-443-59076-5.
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