Psycho Mantis

Last updated

Psycho Mantis
Metal Gear character
Psycho Mantis Artwork.webp
Official artwork of Psycho Mantis as he appears in Metal Gear Solid .
First appearance Metal Gear Solid (1998)
Created by Hideo Kojima [1]
Designed by Yoji Shinkawa [2]
Voiced by EN: Doug Stone [3]
JA: Kazuyuki Sogabe [3]
In-universe information
GenderMale

Psycho Mantis is a fictional boss in Konami's Metal Gear video game series. Psycho Mantis first appears in Metal Gear Solid, where he is one of the many antagonists who helps main antagonist Liquid Snake in his attempt to capture Shadow Moses Island. Psycho Mantis is a psychic, and has numerous psychic powers he uses throughout the game. Psycho Mantis attempts to stop protagonist Solid Snake, though he is killed in the process. Psycho Mantis goes on to reappear in several later games in the series. In English, he is voiced by Doug Stone, while in Japanese he is voiced by Kazuyuki Sogabe.

Contents

Despite his small first appearance, the scene where Psycho Mantis reveals himself to Solid Snake has been praised by critics. The fourth wall breaking narratives have been the subject of significant analysis in regards to the scene's immersive qualities, as well as how it demonstrates the relationship between Snake and the player. Psycho Mantis's fourth-wall breaking scene has been considered one of the most iconic moments in video gaming history.

Appearances

Psycho Mantis first appears in Metal Gear Solid , where he is encountered midway through the game. Psycho Mantis uses his psychic powers to mind control protagonist Solid Snake's ally Meryl Silverburgh, having her offer confessions of love to Snake to lower his guard. Snake is unfazed, and after knocking Meryl out, Psycho Mantis reveals himself. Psycho Mantis then seeks to prove his psychic powers to Snake, and in doing so initiates a series of fourth wall breaking demonstrations. He first reads Metal Gear Solid's metadata about the player's actions in order to make a judge of their personality, before then reading the system's memory card to read what other games the player is a fan of. [4] If the player has a DualShock vibrating controller, Mantis will instruct the player to place it on the ground, at which point he will activate the controller's rumble effect. He then causes the console to appear to disconnect before transitioning into battle, in which he can seemingly read all of the player's movements. Following advice from in-game hints, players can shift their controller from the first controller port to the second controller port, which will render Mantis unable to read their movements. [4] Mantis is killed by Snake during the battle. [5] [6]

Psycho Mantis's boss fight could be defeated by switching controller ports on the PlayStation console, and he would additionally manipulate the DualShock controller in his introductory cutscene. PSX-Console-wController.jpg
Psycho Mantis's boss fight could be defeated by switching controller ports on the PlayStation console, and he would additionally manipulate the DualShock controller in his introductory cutscene.

When Mantis was a child, his mother had died in childbirth while giving birth to him, and his father hated him for it. After Mantis discovered it while reading his mind, Mantis burned his village to the ground out of fear. [7] Mantis later joined the KGB, and later joined the CIA, using his psychic powers to delve into the minds of suspected criminals. After delving too deep into the mind of a serial killer, Mantis went insane. [8] According to Mantis, he joined with Liquid Snake, the game's main antagonist, to conquer Shadow Moses Island in order to "kill as many people as he could" as he had grown disgusted with the human race. [7]

Mantis briefly re-appears in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, where his ghost appears to control the deceased body of the boss enemy Screaming Mantis. Mantis attempts to perform the same show of his mental powers as in the original game, but finds his efforts thwarted due to the lack of a memory card in the PlayStation 3 console the game is played on. If the player is using a DualShock vibrating controller, he will become excited by the fact he can still control the controller. [9] [8] Psycho Mantis additionally appears as a cameo in Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes in a cameo appearance. [10]

A younger version of Psycho Mantis appears in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, where he is a child under the name Tretij Rebenok. Rebenok teams up with the XOF, an organisation headed by the game's antagonist, Skull Face. Skull Face uses Rebenok to control the Sahelanthropus, a Metal Gear robot, which Skull Face plans to use to destroy all people who speak the English language. Rebenok is later influenced by the rage of protagonist Venom Snake's ally, Eli, and switches allegiances to Eli, allowing Eli to gain control of Sahelanthropus. [11]

Development

Psycho Mantis's powers were inspired by a psychic from the 1978 film The Fury, with Hideo Kojima telling the motion designer to watch the film as reference. Kojima stated that when developing Mantis, he wished to harness the concept of masters telling their students to clear their minds, with the only method he could think of to reflect this being to switch the controller ports, though some younger members of the staff disagreed with Kojima's decision. [1] Mantis was designed by character designer Yoji Shinkawa. [12] Psycho Mantis has been portrayed by Doug Stone in English and by Kazuyuki Sogabe in Japanese. [3]

The scene with Mantis was adapted in several different ways in later adaptations of the game. In PC ports of the game, the player must use the keyboard to trick Mantis, while later PlayStation console ports require players to go to the settings and switch their controller connection to Player 2. [13] The novel adaptation of the game additionally changed the scene from the usual boss fight to a deep dive into Snake's character, with hallucinations being used against Snake to provide insights into his character. [14] The comic adaptation of the game had Mantis appear on a cliffhanger, threatening to use his powers to make Meryl shoot herself, before seemingly being defeated by Snake's ally Master Miller. Miller is revealed to be an illusion of Mantis's, and Snake proceeds to defeat Mantis in battle. [14] Additionally, in Metal Gear Solid Master Collection Vol.1, which contains a remake of Metal Gear Solid, an option exists to allow players to curate their save data, allowing them to select what games Mantis will reference during his boss battle. [15]

Reception and analysis

Despite Psycho Mantis's short amount of screentime in his original appearance, his appearance in the original Metal Gear Solid has been consistently received as one of the most iconic scenes in video games, [4] and as one of the "most celebrated moments" in the history of video games. [14] Nicholas David Bowman, as part of the book 100 Greatest Video Game Characters noted how Psycho Mantis's fourth wall breaking abilities deeply impacted the players in terms of not only Psycho Mantis's battle, but also in his interactions with the player, stating that "Rarely has a game character violated so many assumptions about the rules of engagement—stretching the conflict from the television screen to the player’s own mind." [4] IGN noted that Mantis "attacked players on all fronts," stating that his manipulation of Meryl preyed on the feelings players developed for her at that point in the game, and how his death scene helped make players feel pity for Mantis despite everything that had happened. [16] The number of fourth wall breaks, alongside their quality, was described as making the battle "a bravura performance rather than a mere novelty" that emphasized its uniqueness in comparison to other games that existed. [5] His dissonance from other bosses in the game was noted, as unlike prior bosses, players had to think outside of the box in order to defeat Psycho Mantis. [9]

Andy Kelly of TheGamer praised the battle with Mantis for its inventiveness and ingenuity, highlighting it as one of the scenes that helped make the original Metal Gear Solid an iconic game. He additionally noted that it perfectly encapsulated the feel of the series, and how it was able to effectively utilize its medium as a video game in a way few other pieces of media could. [7] Manon Hume of Game Informer also expressed this sentiment and how it effectively was able to make the player question their control over the game. [17] Brendan Main of The Escapist additionally noted that Mantis's ability to unnerve the player with their save data was an experience that was not replicable outside of Metal Gear Solid itself, causing an uncertainty in the minds of players about their ability to properly control the game. He also notes how Psycho Mantis's death scene emphasizes the fact that Metal Gear Solid is itself a fictional world, and how the choices of Snake in-universe boiled down entirely to player decision and the consequences of the player. Main additionally noted how Mantis reading out games they played helped make the scene more unnerving, and how the scene lost effectiveness with newer players due to the fact that seeing what games someone played became easier to view as games developed. [6] Chad Concelmo of Destructoid additionally noted that Psycho Mantis's manipulation of the fourth wall was revolutionary for the time, and was noted as maintaining that revolutionary feeling. He stated that while the battle itself lacked emotional weight, Mantis's battle was an iconic moment that stuck with players even after the battle was completed. [18]

The book The Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games analyzed how Psycho Mantis's boss fight and ability to dodge controller inputs came at a point where the player was familiar with how Metal Gear Solid worked, and thus made them question the game's own controls and mechanics, stating that "The game defamiliarizes players from the game itself." [19] Mantis's ability to make it appear as if the game had disconnected was noted by the book Hideo Kojima: Progressive Game Design from Metal Gear to Death Stranding as showing how the developers of the game had control not only just over the game, but also the medium the game was being played in, comparing it to similar fourth-wall breaking scenes in the game's sequel, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. [20] His self-awareness was additionally noted as allowing Mantis to cross a "border" between the game's world and the real world, causing a level of uncertainty, with the book Framing Uncertainty: Computer Game Epistemologies stating that "As Psycho Mantis steps, in an orchestrated feint, briefly out of the framework of the onscreen game, levels that are in fact logically and epistemically incompatible coexist for one another within the medium of a game." [21]

Mantis's ability to influence the framework of the game was noted as amplifying the tension of the encounter, with the book Once Upon a Pixel: Storytelling and Worldbuilding in Video Games stating that the ability for Mantis to "close the gap" between Snake and the player of the game made Mantis more terrifying. They additionally noted that the calling of attention to the fact that the boss battle was in a game made it so that players were reminded of the fact that the world of Metal Gear Solid was a video game, and that while they controlled Snake, they themselves would never amount to actually being Snake. This is noted as causing both identification and alienation in players simultaneously. Mantis's actions were analyzed as part of a "circle" or "feedback loop" describing the player's immersion with the game, with Mantis being able to "thrust" the player out of the loop they experienced while playing the game in Snake's shoes. [22] The book Metagames: Games About Games additionally noted how the breaking of the fourth wall emphasized the power of Psycho Mantis as a character, with the battle requiring the player's own input to complete being stated to show how the player too was forced to participate in the fourth wall breaking effect. This was noted as placing the player on a "lower metaleptic level" than Psycho Mantis. [23] The book Performativity in Art, Literature, and Videogames also noted the "feedback loop" caused by the player's involvement with Psycho Mantis's fourth-wall breaking, stating that the battle caused confusion between "human physiological processes and computational processes". [24] Other additionally noted that the interactivity with the console required to defeat Mantis helped serve a metanarrative role in the game, making the game more immersive for players overall due to their interaction with the game itself. [25] [26]

The International Journal of Transmedia Literacy analyzed Psycho Mantis's rhetoric, finding that the shift from Psycho Mantis referring to Snake in his dialogue to referring to the player helped emphasize the player's importance in the narrative of the game, further noting that communication via the disconnection screen further encouraged players to seek out the solution in the real world, as Snake would lose unless the player was able to decode the messages delivered by Psycho Mantis's battle. They also stated that the fight delivers "immersion fractures" that help communicate clues to the player about how to defeat Psycho Mantis, noting how Psycho Mantis's introductory scene helped send clues to the player about how to defeat him through his fourth-wall breaking narrative. [14]

A commercial advertising the Ford Focus later aired in 2016, which parodied the scene where Mantis reads Snake's mind. Doug Stone reprised his role as Mantis for the commercial. [27] [28] [29] A statuette of Psycho Mantis was also released in 2018. [30] Hideo Kojima, the creator of the Metal Gear series, later stated that Psycho Mantis was his favorite character in the series. [27] Director Guillermo del Toro additionally praised the Psycho Mantis scene for being able to transcend the video game medium. [31]

Related Research Articles

<i>Metal Gear Solid</i> (1998 video game) 1998 video game

Metal Gear Solid is an action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation in 1998. It was directed, produced, and written by Hideo Kojima, and follows the MSX2 video games Metal Gear and Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, which Kojima also worked on. It was unveiled at the 1996 Tokyo Game Show and then demonstrated at trade shows including the 1997 Electronic Entertainment Expo; its Japanese release was originally planned for late 1997, before being delayed to 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hideo Kojima</span> Japanese video game designer (born 1963)

Hideo Kojima is a Japanese video game designer. He is regarded as an auteur of video games. He developed a strong passion for film and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hired by Konami, for which he designed and wrote Metal Gear (1987) for the MSX2, a game that laid the foundations for stealth games and the Metal Gear series, his best known and most appreciated works. At Konami, he also produced the Zone of the Enders series, as well as wrote and designed Snatcher (1988) and Policenauts (1994), graphic adventure games regarded for their cinematic presentation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solid Snake</span> Fictional character from the Metal Gear series

Solid Snake is a fictional character from the Metal Gear series created by Hideo Kojima and developed and published by Konami, appearing as the main protagonist in many of the games of the series. He is depicted as a former Green Beret and highly skilled special operations soldier engaged in solo stealth and espionage missions who is often tasked with destroying models of the bipedal nuclear weapon-armed mecha known as Metal Gear. Controlled by the player, he must act alone, supported via radio by commanding officers and specialists. While his first appearances in the original Metal Gear games were references to Hollywood films, the Metal Gear Solid series has given a consistent design by artist Yoji Shinkawa alongside an established personality while also exploring his relationship with his mentor and father.

Metal Gear is a franchise of stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, Metal Gear, was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operative, who is assigned the task of finding the titular superweapon, "Metal Gear", a bipedal walking tank with the ability to launch nuclear weapons.

<i>Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake</i> 1990 stealth action game

Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake is a 1990 action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami for the MSX2 computer platform. It serves as a sequel to the MSX2 version of the original Metal Gear, written and designed by series's creator Hideo Kojima, who conceived the game in response to Snake's Revenge, a separately-produced sequel that was being developed at the time for the NES specifically for the North American and European markets. The MSX2 version of Solid Snake was only released in Japan, although Kojima would later direct another sequel titled Metal Gear Solid, which was released worldwide for the PlayStation in 1998 to critical acclaim. This later led to Solid Snake being re-released alongside the original Metal Gear as additional content in the Subsistence version of Metal Gear Solid 3 for the PlayStation 2 in 2005. It was also included in the HD remastered ports of Metal Gear Solid 3 released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, and Xbox 360, and was given a standalone re-release in Japan as a downloadable game for mobile phones and the Wii Virtual Console.

<i>Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty</i> 2001 video game

Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty is a 2001 action-adventure stealth video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. Originally released on November 13, 2001, it is the fourth Metal Gear game produced by Hideo Kojima, the seventh overall game in the series and is a sequel to Metal Gear Solid (1998). An expanded edition, titled Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance, was released the following year for Xbox and Windows in addition to the PlayStation 2. A remastered version of the game, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty - HD Edition, was later included in the Metal Gear Solid HD Collection for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Vita. The HD Edition of the game was included in the Metal Gear Solid: Master Collection Vol. 1 compilation for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S, which was released on October 24, 2023.

<i>Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater</i> 2004 video game

Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater is a 2004 action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. It was released in late 2004 in North America and Japan, and in early 2005 in Europe and Australia. It was the fifth Metal Gear game written and directed by Hideo Kojima and serves as a prequel to the entire Metal Gear series. An expanded edition, titled Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, was released in Japan in late 2005, then in North America, Europe and Australia in 2006. A remastered version of the game, Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater - HD Edition, was later included in the Metal Gear Solid HD Collection for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Vita, while a reworked version, titled Metal Gear Solid: Snake Eater 3D, was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2012. The HD Edition of the game was included on the Metal Gear Solid: Master Collection Vol. 1 compilation for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S on October 24, 2023. The same year, Konami announced a remake, entitled Metal Gear Solid Delta: Snake Eater, set to release for PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S in 2024.

<i>Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes</i> 2004 video game

Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes is a 2004 action-adventure stealth video game published by Konami, who co-developed with Silicon Knights, for the GameCube. Released in March, the game is a remake of Metal Gear Solid, originally developed by Konami for the PlayStation in 1998.

Raiden (<i>Metal Gear</i>) Character in Metal Gear

Raiden, real name Jack, is a character and one of the protagonists of Konami's Metal Gear series of action-adventure stealth video games. Created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa, Raiden was introduced in the series as the main player character of the 2001 game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. In Metal Gear Solid 2, he appears to be a member of the U.S. special operations unit FOXHOUND and is participating in his first mission against terrorists. Despite coming across as a young rookie, he is later revealed to have been a child soldier in his native Liberia. Raiden also appears as a supporting character in the 2008 game Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, in which he is assisting the series' main protagonist Solid Snake in his fight against Revolver Ocelot's forces. He is also the main character of the 2013 game Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, in which he is dealing with his past and his present life as a combatant who faces enemies from private military companies.

Liquid Snake is a fictional character from the Metal Gear franchise. He is the twin brother of series protagonist Solid Snake and the second product of Les Enfants Terribles, a top-secret government project to artificially create soldiers by cloning the legendary soldier Big Boss. He first appears as the main antagonist in the original Metal Gear Solid, where he leads the rogue FOXHOUND unit in a hostile takeover of a nuclear disposal facility in Alaska. The character returns in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain as a child mercenary nicknamed the White Mamba with his real name revealed to be Eli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Revolver Ocelot</span> Recurring character in Hideo Kojimas Metal Gear video game series published by Konami

Revolver "Shalashaska" Ocelot is a recurring fictional character in Konami's Metal Gear video game series. Throughout the series, he takes on a variety of roles: a major nemesis of Solid Snake, a friendly rival to Naked Snake, the right-hand man to Liquid Snake and Solidus Snake, and a close ally to Venom Snake. Ocelot has been well received by video game publications for his role as a central villain in the franchise, and has often been considered one of its most important characters for his connections with various characters.

Big Boss (<i>Metal Gear</i>) Fictional character from the Metal Gear series

Big Boss is a fictional character from the Metal Gear series created by Hideo Kojima and developed and published by Konami. He was first introduced in the 1987 Metal Gear game as the commanding officer and father of Solid Snake, featuring in a twist as the game's main antagonist. He is later featured in the prequel games as Naked Snake, an American Special Forces Operator and decorated war hero. Political manipulations cause him to be disillusioned when facing his own mentor, and he gradually develops his own private mercenary company while growing into the original Big Boss persona and being referred to as simply Snake.

<i>Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots</i> 2008 video game

Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots is a 2008 action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation 3. It is the sixth Metal Gear game directed by Hideo Kojima. Set five years after the events of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the story centers around a prematurely aged Solid Snake, now known as Old Snake, as he goes on one last mission to assassinate his nemesis Liquid Snake, who now inhabits the body of his former henchman Revolver Ocelot under the guise of Liquid Ocelot, before he takes control of the Sons of the Patriots, an A.I. system that controls the activities of PMCs worldwide. The game was released on June 12, 2008.

Characters of the <i>Metal Gear</i> series

The Metal Gear franchise features a large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa. Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by scientific advancements.

<i>Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops</i> 2006 action-adventure stealth video game

Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops, officially abbreviated MPO, is a 2006 action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation Portable. The game was directed by Masahiro Yamamoto and written by Gakuto Mikumo, with series creator Hideo Kojima acting as producer.

<i>Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker</i> 2010 video game

Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker is a 2010 stealth game developed and published by Konami. It is the seventh Metal Gear game written, directed, and designed by Hideo Kojima, and the fifth installment of the Metal Gear Solid series, as well as the fourth Metal Gear game made specifically for the PlayStation Portable, following Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops. A remastered version of the game titled Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker - HD Edition was later released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 as part of the Metal Gear Solid HD Collection in North America and Europe and as a stand-alone retail release in Japan.

<i>Metal Gear</i> (video game) Pioneering stealth video game from 1987 by Konami

Metal Gear is an action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami for the MSX2. It was released for the system in Japan and parts of Europe in 1987. Considered to have popularized the stealth game genre, it was the first video game to be fully developed by Hideo Kojima, who would go on to direct most of the games that followed in the Metal Gear series. A reworked port of the game was released for the Famicom a few months later, which later saw release in international markets for the NES over the following two years; this version was developed without Kojima's involvement and features drastically altered level designs, among other changes.

<i>Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain</i> 2015 video game

Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain is a 2015 action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami. Directed, written, and designed by Hideo Kojima, it is the ninth installment in the Metal Gear franchise, following Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, a stand-alone prologue released the previous year. Set in 1984, nine years after the events of Ground Zeroes, the story follows mercenary leader Punished "Venom" Snake as he ventures into Soviet-occupied Afghanistan and the Angola–Zaire border region to exact revenge on those who destroyed his forces and came close to killing him during the climax of Ground Zeroes.

<i>Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes</i> 2014 video game

Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes is a 2014 action-adventure stealth video game developed and published by Konami. It is the eighth game in the Metal Gear series directed, written and designed by Hideo Kojima, and serves as a prologue to Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, released the following year. Set in 1975, a few months after the events of Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, the story follows Snake as he infiltrates an American black site in Cuba called Camp Omega, attempting to rescue Cipher agent Paz Ortega Andrade and former Sandinista child soldier Ricardo "Chico" Valenciano Libre.

Metal Gear Solid: Master Collection is a video game compilation published by Konami. The compilation features ports of titles in the Metal Gear franchise of stealth games, released in commemoration of the series' 35th anniversary.

References

  1. 1 2 Steven Kent. "Hideo Kojima: Game Guru, Movie Maniac". Gamers Today. Archived from the original on November 3, 2005. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  2. ↑ "IGN - 98. Yoji Shinkawa". www.ign.com. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 "Psycho Mantis (Metal Gear Solid)". Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Banks, Jamie; Meija, Robert; Adams, Aubrie (June 23, 2017). 100 Greatest Video Game Characters. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. pp. 155–156. ISBN   978-1442278127.
  5. 1 2 Stanton, Rich (July 23, 2015). A Brief History Of Video Games: From Atari to Virtual Reality. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN   978-1-4721-1881-3.
  6. 1 2 Main, Brendan (November 16, 2010). "Psycho Mantis, Qu'est-ce que c'est?". The Escapist. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 Kelly, Andy (July 1, 2022). "The Fourth Wall-Shattering Genius Of Metal Gear Solid's Psycho Mantis Battle". TheGamer. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  8. 1 2 Schedeen, Jesse (November 17, 2009). "Big Boss of the Day: Metal Gear Solid's Psycho Mantis". IGN. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  9. 1 2 Baxter, Daryl (August 30, 2024). 50 Years of Boss Fights: Video Game Legends. White Owl. ISBN   978-1-3990-1360-4.
  10. ↑ Cook, Dave (February 28, 2014). "Metal Gear Solid 5: Ground Zeroes screens reveal Psycho Mantis, vehicles & more". VG247. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  11. ↑ Bailey, Kat (October 5, 2017). "Metal Gear Solid V Story Guide: What Happened and How it Connects to the Rest of the Series - Unlock Mission 46". VG247. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  12. ↑ "IGN - 98. Yoji Shinkawa". www.ign.com. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  13. ↑ Novichenko, Artur (November 5, 2023). "Metal Gear Solid: How to Beat Psycho Mantis". Game Rant. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  14. 1 2 3 4 VV, AA (July 20, 2019). International Journal of Transmedia Literacy (IJTL). Vol 4 (2018): Expanding Universes. Exploring Games and Transmedial Ways of World-building. LED Edizioni Universitarie. ISBN   978-88-7916-905-9.
  15. ↑ How Psycho Mantis Works in the Metal Gear Solid Master Collection - IGN. October 24, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2024– via www.ign.com.
  16. ↑ "Psycho Mantis is number 8". IGN . February 10, 2011. Archived from the original on February 10, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  17. ↑ Hume, Manon (March 1, 2017). "Eight Moments That Only Work In Video Games". Game Informer. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  18. ↑ "The Memory Card .03: The encounter with Psycho Mantis". Destructoid. May 12, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  19. ↑ Lee, Newton (January 10, 2024). Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games. Springer Nature. ISBN   978-3-031-23161-2.
  20. ↑ Hartzheim, Bryan Hikari (August 24, 2023). Hideo Kojima: Progressive Game Design from Metal Gear to Death Stranding. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN   979-8-7651-0165-0.
  21. ↑ Rautzenberg, Markus (February 8, 2020). Framing Uncertainty: Computer Game Epistemologies. Springer Nature. ISBN   978-1-137-59521-8.
  22. ↑ Paterson, Eddie; Simpson-Williams, Timothy; Cordner, Will (October 31, 2019). Once Upon a Pixel: Storytelling and Worldbuilding in Video Games. CRC Press. ISBN   978-1-351-01425-0.
  23. ↑ Waszkiewicz, Agata (March 5, 2024). Metagames: Games about Games. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-003-86126-3.
  24. ↑ Jayemanne, Darshana (July 12, 2017). Performativity in Art, Literature, and Videogames. Springer. ISBN   978-3-319-54451-9.
  25. ↑ Nae, Andrei (September 9, 2021). Immersion, Narrative, and Gender Crisis in Survival Horror Video Games. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-000-44065-2.
  26. ↑ “Blackout!”: Unpacking the ‘Black Box’ of Game
  27. 1 2 Parr, Jake (October 26, 2023). "10 Things You Might Not Know About Psycho Mantis In Metal Gear Solid". Game Rant. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  28. ↑ Andy Chalk (April 8, 2016). "April Fools is over but somehow Solid Snake and Psycho Mantis are now selling Fords". PC Gamer. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  29. ↑ Sanchez, Miranda (April 8, 2016). "Ford's Metal Gear Solid Commercials Feature David Hayter". IGN. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  30. ↑ Juba, Joe. "Pre-Order An Awesome (And Expensive) Psycho Mantis Statue". Game Informer. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  31. ↑ Prell, Sam (February 18, 2016). "The Metal Gear Solid moment that freaked Guillermo del Toro out". GamesRadar+ . Retrieved June 6, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.