Psychomotor retardation

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Psychomotor retardation
Other namesPsychomotor impairment, motormental retardation, psychomotor slowing
Specialty Psychiatry

Psychomotor retardation involves a slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. It can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect. [1]

Contents

Psychomotor retardation is most commonly seen in people with major depression and in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder; [2] it is also associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines. [3] Particularly in an inpatient setting, psychomotor retardation may require increased nursing care to ensure adequate food and fluid intake and sufficient personal care. Informed consent for treatment is more difficult to achieve in the presence of this condition.[ citation needed ]

Causes

Examples

Examples of psychomotor retardation include the following: [5]

In schizophrenia, activity level may vary from psychomotor retardation to agitation; the patient experiences periods of listlessness and may be unresponsive, and at the next moment be active and energetic. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bradyphrenia</span> Slow mental activity

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catatonic depression</span>

Catatonic depression is characterized as a spectrum of mood disorders and is distinguished by the co-occurrence of catatonia and Major depressive disorder (MDD). Catatonic symptoms involve a variety of motor abnormalities and behavioral disturbances, such as stupor, immobility, mutism, negativism, posturing, rigidity, and repetitive or purposeless movements. Individuals suffering from catatonic depression frequently demonstrate a significant decline in their capacity to engage in voluntary behaviors and communicate effectively. These symptoms can significantly impair daily functioning and pose challenges in their personal and professional lives.

References

  1. Tryon, W.W., 1991. Activity Measurement in Psychology and Medicine. Springer Publishing /Plenum Press. doi : 10.1007/978-1-4757-9003-0
  2. Buyukdura JS, McClintock SM, Croarkin PE (2011). "Psychomotor retardation in depression: biological underpinnings, measurement, and treatment". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 35 (2): 395–409. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.10.019. PMC   3646325 . PMID   21044654.
  3. Allgulander, C.; Bandelow, B.; Hollander, E.; Montgomery, SA.; Nutt, DJ.; Okasha, A.; Pollack, MH.; Stein, DJ.; et al. (Aug 2003). "WCA recommendations for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder". CNS Spectr. 8 (8 Suppl 1): 53–61. doi:10.1017/S1092852900006945. PMID   14767398. S2CID   32761147.
  4. "Psychomotor retardation". healthool.com. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  5. Benson, D. F. (1990). "3(1)". Psychomotor retardation. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology. pp. 36–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2126.
  6. Frith, Christopher D. (1 January 1995). "HOW DO THE BEHAVIOURAL ABNORMALITIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA RELATE TO THE BRAIN?". The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Lawrence Erlbaum. p. 53. ISBN   978-0-86377-334-1 . Retrieved 13 December 2010. "Psychomotor retardation" is a phenomenon, often observed in neurological patients, which has much in common with the negative features of schizophrenia. Benson (1990), for example, includes the following...