Pterostylis basaltica

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Basalt rustyhood
Pterostylis basaltica.jpg
Pterostylis basaltica growing near Woorndoo
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Genus: Pterostylis
Species:
P. basaltica
Binomial name
Pterostylis basaltica
Synonyms [1]

Oligochaetochilus basalticus(D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Contents

Pterostylis basaltica, commonly known as the basalt rustyhood [2] or basalt greenhood [3] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It has a rosette of leaves and eight to fifteen translucent white flowers with green and brown markings and a brownish, insect-like labellum. It is a rare species only known from a small area and is endangered.

Labelled image of P. basaltica Pterostylis basaltica (labelled).jpg
Labelled image of P. basaltica

Description

Pterostylis basaltica, is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has a rosette of between eight and fifteen leaves at the base of the flowering spike, each leaf 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) long and 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. The leaves are egg-shaped and pointed and have usually withered by the time the flowers open. Up to fifteen translucent white flowers with green and brown markings, 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long and 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide are borne on a flowering spike 100–300 mm (4–10 in) tall. Three to five stem leaves are wrapped around the flowering spike. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood over the column with the dorsal sepal having an upturned point 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long. The lateral sepals turn downwards, are more or less parallel, joined at their bases and with a few short white hairs. The lateral sepals have thread-like tips 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and spreading apart from each other. The labellum is thick, brownish, fleshy, insect-like, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. There are six to eight pairs of spreading white hairs on the sides of the labellum and four shorter hairs on the swollen "head" end. Flowering occurs from November to December. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis basaltica was first formally described in 1993 by David Jones and Mark Clements from a specimen collected near Woorndoo and the description was published in Muelleria . [1] [5] The specific epithet (basaltica) refers to the basaltic soils in which this species usually grows. [5]

Distribution and habitat

The basalt rustyhood is only known from a single small area near Derrinallum with two populations on western basalt plains grassland in south-western Victoria. [3] [8]

Conservation

One population of P. basaltica occurs on a roadside reserve and has about 1,000 plants and the other, on private property, about 20 plants. None are in a conservation reserve. The main threats to the species are weed invasion, habitat disturbance, altered fire regimes and grazing. The species is classified as "Threatened" by the Victorian Government and as "Endangered" (EN) under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and a recovery plan has been prepared. [3] [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pterostylis chlorogramma</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis chlorogramma, commonly known as the green-striped leafy greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. Flowering plants have up to seven translucent green flowers with darker green stripes. The flowers have a green labellum with a darker stripe down the middle. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves on a short, thin stalk but flowering plants lack the rosette, instead having five to seven stem leaves.

Pterostylis × aenigma, commonly known as enigmatic greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to Victoria in Australia. It has a rosette of leaves and a single green and white flower which leans forward and has a brownish point on the end. It is a rare orchid, occurring at only one site with fewer than 100 individual plants and is thought to be a natural hybrid between two species that grow nearby.

<i>Pterostylis cheraphila</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis cheraphila, commonly known as the floodplain rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area in Victoria. It has a rosette of leaves near its base and up to seven dark brown to blackish flowers with a dark brown, insect-like labellum. It is only found in the Little Desert area.

<i>Pterostylis despectans</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis despectans, commonly known as the lowly rustyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has a rosette of leaves at its base and up to six flowers on long stalks, branching off a short flowering stem. The flowers have an insect-like labellum and often touch the ground.

<i>Pterostylis cobarensis</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis cobarensis, commonly known as the inland rustyhood or Cobar rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Australia. It has a rosette of leaves and between two and ten hairy, green and brown flowers with translucent white "windows" and a fleshy, insect-like labellum. It grows in inland areas of eastern Australia.

<i>Pterostylis lingua</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis lingua, commonly known as the large-lipped rustyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has a rosette of leaves and up to ten dark reddish-brown flowers with translucent "windows" and a blackish, insect-like labellum.

<i>Pterostylis planulata</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis planulata, commonly known as the flat rustyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It has a rosette of leaves at its base and up to seven translucent flowers with green stripes. The flowers have a thin, dark green, insect-like labellum.

<i>Pterostylis smaragdyna</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis smaragdyna, commonly known as the emerald-lip leafy greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. Flowering plants have up to ten translucent green flowers with darker green markings. The flowers have an insect-like labellum which is green with a darker green mound at the "head" end. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but flowering plants lack the rosette, instead having five to seven stem leaves.

<i>Pterostylis squamata</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis squamata, commonly known as the southern rustyhood or ruddyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. Flowering plants have up to ten translucent green flowers with reddish-brown markings and a hairy, insect-like labellum. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of four to eight egg-shaped leaves. This species is very similar to Pterostylis rufa which has a narrower labellum and other minor differences.

<i>Pterostylis jonesii</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis jonesii, commonly known as the montane leafy greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area of south-eastern Australia. Individual plants have either a rosette of three to six leaves or a flowering spike with up to eleven flowers and five to seven stem leaves. The flowers are translucent green with faint darker green lines and have a brownish-yellow labellum with a dark stripe.

Pterostylis arenicola, commonly known as the sandhill rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It has a rosette of leaves near its base and up to ten reddish-brown and white flowers with a dark brown, insect-like labellum. Its distribution is now restricted to areas around Lake Alexandrina.

Pterostylis ciliata, commonly known as the hairy rufous greenhood, tall rusthood or hairy rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a relatively large rosette of leaves at its base and up to eight or more green and brown flowers which lean forward and have a small, fleshy, insect-like labellum covered with hairs.

Pterostylis commutata, commonly known as the midland rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It has a rosette of leaves near its base and up to five translucent white and green flowers with a hairy, insect-like labellum. It is only found in a small area near Tunbridge and Ross.

Pterostylis ferruginea, commonly known as the Bangham rustyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the border area between South Australia and Victoria. It has a rosette of leaves and when flowering, up to ten upright, dark green and translucent white flowers which have an insect-like labellum.

<i>Pterostylis gibbosa</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis gibbosa, commonly known as the Illawarra rustyhood, or Illawarra greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It has a rosette of leaves at its base and up to nine bright green flowers with translucent "windows", relatively wide lateral sepals with short-pointed tips and a dark, fleshy, insect-like labellum.

Pterostylis insectifera, commonly known as the insect-lipped rufous greenhood, or leaden rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a relatively large rosette of leaves. Flowering plants have a similar rosette and up to eight or more flowers which have long, stiffly-held lateral sepals and a protruding, insect-like labellum.

<i>Pterostylis leptochila</i> Species of orchid

Pterostylis leptochila, commonly known as the Ravensthorpe rufous greenhood or narrow-lipped rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a relatively large rosette of leaves. Flowering plants also have up to five large translucent white flowers with olive green and brown lines and markings and a narrow, insect-like labellum.

Pterostylis petrosa, commonly known as the Riverina rustyhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It has a rosette of leaves at its base and up to eight dark brown flowers with transparent "windows", long spreading tips on the lateral sepals and a thin, brown, insect-like labellum.

Pterostylis picta, commonly known as the painted rufous greenhood or painted rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a relatively large rosette of leaves. Flowering plants also have up to seven large translucent white flowers with green and brown stripes and markings and a fleshy, insect-like labellum.

Pterostylis saxicola, commonly known as the Sydney plains rustyhood, or Sydney plains greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It has a rosette of leaves at its base and up to ten reddish-brown flowers with translucent "windows", relatively wide lateral sepals with short-pointed tips and a dark brown, fleshy, insect-like labellum.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Pterostylis basaltica". APNI. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  2. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 328. ISBN   978-1877069123.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Action Statement Basalt Greenhood Pterostylis basaltica" (PDF). Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  4. Jeanes, Jeff. "Pterostylis basaltica". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 Jones, David L.; Clements, Mark A. (1993). "New species of Pterostylis R.Br. (Orchidaceae) from Victoria and New South Wales". Muelleria. 8 (1): 75–77.
  6. "Basalt rustyhood Pterostylis basaltica" (PDF). Victorian Volcanic Plains Conservation Management Network. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  7. "Basalt Rustyhood". State Wide Integrated Flora and Fauna Teams. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 Vlcek, Kate; Pritchard, Andrew. "National Recovery Plan for the Basalt Rustyhood Pterostylis basaltica" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 4 May 2017.