| Puna tapaculo | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Rhinocryptidae |
| Genus: | Scytalopus |
| Species: | S. simonsi |
| Binomial name | |
| Scytalopus simonsi Chubb, 1917 | |
 | |
The puna tapaculo (Scytalopus simonsi) is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. [2]
What is now known as the puna tapaculo was originally described as a species in 1917. [3] It was later treated as synonymous with Tschudi's tapaculo (Scytalopus acutirostris). [4] Still later it was treated as Scytalopus magellanicus simonsi, a subspecies of Magellanic tapaculo. [5] Following a study published in 1997, it was elevated to species rank because of differences in their vocalizations. [6] [7] Its English name honors American scientific collector Perry O. Simons. [8]
The puna tapaculo is 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) long. Three males weighed 15.7 to 20 g (0.55 to 0.71 oz) and a female 15.7 g (0.55 oz). The adult male's upper parts are gray, often washed with brown on the neck and back. It has a narrow pale supercilium. The throat and breast are also gray. The rump, flanks, and belly can be cinnamon or olive-buff and have dark bars. The adult female is similar to the males that have the brown wash; otherwise they may be paler. Immatures are paler overall but have a heavier brown wash on the upper parts. The entire underside is barred. [9]
The puna tapaculo is found on the eastern slope of the Andes at elevations of 2,900 to 4,300 m (9,500 to 14,100 ft) from Cordillera Vilcanota in Peru's Department of Cuzco southeast to Bolivia's Cochabamba Department. It inhabits elfin forest at tree line and above there is in small shrubs and trees among grass tussocks. It can also be found in Polylepis woodlands. [9]
Though very little is known about the puna tapaculo's diet, the species is probably insectivorous though seeds are also eaten. [9]
Very little is also known about the puna tapaculo's breeding phenology. One nest has been described; it was a cup lined with grass, placed at the end of a burrow approximately 1 m (3.3 ft) deep. It had a dome of loosely woven grass over it and contained two eggs. After hatching, both adults provisioned the nestlings. [9]
The song of the puna tapaculo was described by D.L. Lane as "a series of descending churred phrases: tcherr tcherr tcherr tcherr ...." . Lane described a call as "a descending whinny: djee-ee-ee-eer" . [10]
The IUCN has assessed the puna tapaculo as being of Least Concern. [1] Though it has a restricted range and its population has not been quantified, "In the short term, the puna tapaculo is little affected by human activity". [9]
Tschudi's tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Ancash tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The neblina tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to the Andes of northern Peru.
The white-crowned tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Bolivian tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Paramo tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in the Andes of Ecuador and southern Colombia.
The Caracas tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The rufous-vented tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The pale-bellied tapaculo, also known as the matorral tapaculo or rufous-rumped tapaculo, is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The blackish tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The large-footed tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Mérida tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The chusquea tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in souothern Ecuador and far northern Peru.
The trilling tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Santa Marta tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.
Zimmer's tapaculo is a species of passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Argentina.
The Vilcabamba tapaculo is a small passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Diamantina tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil.
The Jalca tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae that the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society accepted as a new species in July 2020. It is endemic to Peru.
The Loja tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae that the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) accepted as a new species in July 2020. It had been classified as a subspecies of paramo tapaculo. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
