| Rachelia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Rachelia J.M.Ward & Breitw. |
| Species: | R. glaria |
| Binomial name | |
| Rachelia glaria J.M.Ward & Breitw. | |
Rachelia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. It just contains one species, Rachelia glariaJ.M.Ward & Breitw. [1] It is also in Tribe Gnaphalieae. [2] [3]
It is a tufted, silver-grey looking perennial herb with widely spaced bundles of 1-10 upright shoots, which are 10-30 mm tall and 10 mm in diameter. They are produced from long, slender, branched (underground) rhizomes. The aerial stems are sparingly and shortly branched or sometimes unbranched and entirely obscured by leaves. The leaves are imbricate (overlapping), with the leaf base clasping the stem and with the lamina (the blade of a leaf) spreading at an angle of about 45 degrees. They are broadly obovate-spathulate (oval to spoon shaped), 6.9–9.7 mm (0–0 in) long by 4.6–8.5 mm (0–0 in) wide, with densely lanate (dense woolly hairs) all over both surfaces. The lamina is 4.2–6.5 mm (0–0 in) long, widest in upper third and slightly folded along midrib. The apex of the leaf is truncate (cut off squarely), the leaf hairs are loosely appressed, ascending, matted and crinkled at the free ends. The base of the leaf, is 2.5–4.4 mm (0–0 in) long, widest in upper third, frequently pink-tinged, with 3 strong veins. The capitula (dense clusters of flowers) around 2-9 per stem, with one being terminal and associated with 2 leaves, the others are usually sessile in the axils (junction points) of the upper leaves, rarely terminal on very short axillary shoots with no stem elongation and with 2 small leaves. The capitula cluster, including leaves, is 15 mm in diameter. The capitulum is 7.7–9.0 mm (0–0 in) long by 1.7–3.0 mm (0–0 in) wide. The 14-15 involucral bracts are the outermost bracts, they are 5-7 mm long by 2.6 mm wide including the margins. The innermost bracts are narrowly rhombic (like a rhombus: an oblique figure with four equal sides), they are 7.1–7.6 mm (0–0 in) long by 2.2 mm (0 in) wide also including the margins. The lamina are 3.3 mm long by 1.0 mm wide, pale brown near to the base and bright brown above. The apex is acute and the margins are broad and hyaline (translucent). The stereome (rigid cellular tissue) is 3.8-4.7 mm long, pale green, not fenestrated (having translucent areas) with the vein extending into lamina. The receptacle is 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter, high and rounded with florets attached to the sides as well as the top. The 7-11 florets are all female and some of the hermaphrodite florets are arranged in a ring and surrounding the remaining hermaphrodite florets. The 3-5 female florets have a corolla that is 4.2 mm long and has red below lobes, otherwise is translucent pale green. The tube is 0.15 mm wide, broadening to 0.3 mm at the base. The 3-6 hermaphrodite florets have a corolla that is 4.6 mm long, broadening only slightly above and red below lobes. The tube is 0.4 mm wide with lobes that are 0.6 mm long, translucent pale green with a small variable amount of red pigment. They are not spreading with margins that are papillose (have a small, elongated protuberance on the surface), the veins sometime extend to the tip, but are variable in a single floret. The biseriate capitate (arranged in two rows) hairs on lobes and a few on upper part of tube, a few simple long-tailed hairs are on the lobes. The anthers are far exserted from corolla. The apical anther has a flat appendage which is tapering. The anther tails are far exceeding the filament collar. The mature cypsela is 1.5–1.9 mm (0–0 in) long by 0.8 mm (0 in) wide. It is ridged and reddish or brown in colour as well as papillate. The pappus hairs are 5.3-5.6 mm long and the shaft is 40-55 mm wide. [2] The flowering period, is between December and January. It then fruits (produces seed capsules) between February and March. [4]
It has a chromosome no. = 2n=28. [4]
The genus name of Rachelia is in honour of Rachel Chisholm, born Kevern (1915–2017), New Zealand farmer from Molesworth Station. [5] The Latin specific epithet of glaria refers to the habitat (of the plant) and it is derived from the stem of "glara", meaning "scree", and the suffix "-ia", meaning "characteristic of' or "belonging to". [6] Both the genus and the sole species were first described and published in New Zealand J. Bot. Vol.35 on page 146 in 1997. [1]
The genus is thought to be a possible synonym of Cassinia R. Br. by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, and they do not list any known species. [7]
It is native to New Zealand. [1] It grows in alpine habitats, on dry, shingly, non-glaciated mountains, where it appears to be confined to fine argillite lenses within the mobile scree. It grows at altitudes of 1,500–1,570 metres (4,920–5,150 ft) above sea level. [2]
In 2018, they were declared 'At Risk' as they were naturally uncommon in the wild. They are normally damaged by plant collectors or by animals, when walked on. [4]
Calyceraceae is a plant family in the order Asterales. The natural distribution of the about sixty species belonging to this family is restricted to the southern half of South-America. The species of the family resemble both the family Asteraceae and the Dipsacaceae.
Eurybia is a genus of plants in the composite family that were previously included in the genus Aster. Most species are native to North America, although one is also present in northern Eurasia. There are 23 species in the genus, including 1 natural hybrid. The name was first applied by Alexandre de Cassini in 1820. The name is derived from Ancient Greek εὐρύς (eurús), meaning "wide", and βαιός (baiós), meaning "few", perhaps in reference to the small number of relatively wide ray florets.
Felicia amelloides, the blue daisy bush or blue felicia, is a hairy, soft, usually perennial, evergreen plant, in the daisy family. It can be found along the southern coast of South Africa. It grows as ground cover and produces many very regular branches. It mostly grows to about 50 cm (1.6 ft) high, rarely to 1 m. The leaves are oppositely arranged along the stems, dark green in colour and elliptic in shape. The flower heads sit individually on up to 18 cm (7 in) long, green to dark reddish stalks. They consist of about twelve heavenly blue ray florets that surround many yellow disc florets, together measuring about 3 cm across. It is also cultivated as an ornamental, and was introduced in Europe in the middle of the 18th century.
Warionia is a genus in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family. The only known species is Warionia saharae, an endemic of Algeria and Morocco, and it is locally known in the Berber language as afessas, abessas or tazart n-îfiss. It is an aromatic, thistle-like shrub of ½–2 m high, that contains a white latex, and has fleshy, pinnately divided, wavy leaves. It is not thorny or prickly. The aggregate flower heads contain yellow disk florets. It flowers from April till June. Because Warionia is deviant in many respects from any other Asteraceae, different scholars have placed it hesitantly in the Cardueae, Gundelieae, Mutisieae, but now genetic analysis positions it as the sister group to all other Cichorieae.
Catamixis is a genus assigned to the daisy family, with only one known species, Catamixis baccharoides, a low to medium height, ¾—1¾ m, shrub. It is native to a very small area of western Nepal and northern India in the Himalayas. It has approximately spoon-shaped, leathery leaves with distanced rounded teeth alternately set along straight, shyly branching stems, and carries many flower heads of about 1 cm, with a few creamy white florets, sometimes with a hint of violet, in corymbs at the end of the branches. Flowers and fruits can be found between March and May. Its vernacular name in Hindi is विषपत्री (vishpatri) or विश्पत्र (vishpatra).
Cavea is a low perennial herbaceous plant that is assigned to the daisy family. Cavea tanguensis is currently the only species assigned to this genus. It has a basal rosette of entire, slightly leathery leaves, and stems of 5–25 cm high, topped by bowl-shaped flower heads with many slender florets with long pappus and purplish corollas. The vernacular name in Chinese is 葶菊. It grows high in the mountains of China (Sichuan), Tibet, India (Sikkim), and Bhutan, and flowers in July and August.
Famatinanthus is a genus in the family Asteraceae that was described in 2014 and has been assigned to its own tribe Famatinantheae and subfamily Famatinanthoideae. It contains only one known species, F. decussatus, a small shrub of ½—1¾ m high that is an endemic of the Andes of north-western Argentina, with small, entire, oppositely set leaves and flowerheads containing about ten cream-colored, ray and disk florets, with backward coiled lobes. It is locally known as sacansa. For more than 100 years, the species was known to science only from the type collection. It was described in 1885 and originally assigned to the genus Aphyllocladus.
Mairia crenata is a perennial herbaceous plant of mostly 2–15 cm (1–6 in) high that is assigned to the daisy family. It has a woody rootstock of up to 5 cm (2 in) long, from which brown, fleshy roots develop. The five to eighteen, hard and leathery, spoon-shaped leaves are in one to three rosettes, have a distinct main vein, blunt or pointy tip, often dark red or blackish margins with rounded teeth and a ½–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) long stalk-like foot, often initially somewhat woolly hairy, on particularly the lower surface and the main vein, but this is easily rubbed off the shiny surfaces. Each rosette produces mostly one, sometimes up to four, mostly rusty or whitish woolly hairy, brown or dark red inflorescence stalks, usually 1½–15 cm long, each with two to eight, initially woolly, line-shaped to oval bracts, the lowest up to 3 cm (1.2 in), decreasing size further up, and carrying mostly one, rarely up to three flower heads. The flower heads have a bell-shaped involucre with about 40 bracts, sixteen to thirty three violet to white ray florets of about 1¼–1⅞ cm long, and many yellow disc florets. The species flowers anywhere between February and December but only after a fire has destroyed the overhead biomass or serious disturbance. It is an endemic species that is restricted to the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa.
Felicia macrorrhiza is a small, evergreen shrub in the daisy family. This species grows in the Karoo region of South Africa. It is called Aspoestertjie in Afrikaans.
Felicia oleosa is an evergreen, richly branched dwarf shrub of up to 30 cm (12 in) high, that is assigned to the daisy family. It has narrow, awl-shaped leaves, with translucent oil or resin dots, pointing upwards, crowded on the younger stems. The flower heads have about thirteen bright blue ray florets, encircling many yellow disc florets. This species grows in the mountains dividing the Karoo region of South Africa. It is sometimes called oily blue daisy in English.
Felicia nordenstamii is a flowering shrub in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is found only in South Africa where it grows on limestone hills close to the sea on the southern coast. Felicia nordenstamii is a many-branched shrub growing up to 30 cm (1 ft) tall. The lower parts of the stems are covered in grayish brown bark and the upper stem has many crowded, upwardly angled, alternate leaves with long hairs on the lower surfaces. Large flower heads form at the tips of the branches, each about 41⁄2 cm across, with about thirty purplish blue ray florets surrounding many yellow disc florets.
Felicia annectens is an annual plant of up to about 25 cm (10 in) high, that is assigned to the daisy family. The lower leaves are opposite and the higher leaves alternate. The bloated involucre consists of very broad, hairless bracts. These protect up to ten, short, bluish ray florets that encircle yellow, partly sterile disc florets. The heads sit individually on top of up to 6 cm long stalks. The species was considered extinct after no observations were made after 1915, but was rediscovered in the 21st century. It occurs in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Felicia wrightii is a low, up to 20 cm (8 in) high, perennial, herbaceous plant with conspicuous basal leaf rosettes, and runners that end in rosettes. It has narrow bracts along the inflorescence stalks on top of which are individual flower heads with an involucre of three whorls of bracts, about sixteen ray florets with about 1 cm long, pale blue straps, that encircle many yellow disc florets. No fertile seeds have been found, so this species may solely reproduce vegetatively. The species is only known from one location in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, where it grows on damp stream banks.
Mairia burchellii is a tufted perennial plant of up to 15 cm (6 in) assigned to the daisy family. It has narrow leaves of up to 5 mm (0.20 in) wide, with single main vein and an entire margin. Flower heads only occur after a fire has destroyed the standing vegetation, mostly in November or between February and June. The flower heads sit individually or with a few on the tip of a purplish stalk, with a few narrow bracts, and consist of a row of pinkish ray florets around many yellow disc florets. It can be found in the southwest of the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Mairia petiolata is a tufted, variably hairy, perennial plant of up to 15 cm (6 in) assigned to the daisy family. Its leaves are in a ground rosette, and have a stalk of mostly 2–5 cm long and an inverted egg-shaped to elliptic, 61⁄2–9 cm (2.6–4.6 in) long and 2–3 cm wide leaf blade, with a toothed margin. It mostly has two flower heads at the tip of the branches of each erect, dark reddish brown scape. The flower heads have a bell- to cup-shaped involucre that consists of 20–24, purplish, overlapping bracts in 3–4 whorls. These protect 12–16 pink, ray florets, surrounding many yellow disc florets. This species was only seen flowering once, in December. It is known from one location in the Langeberg, Western Cape province of South Africa.
Felicia mossamedensis or yellow felicia is a well-branched, roughly hairy, annual or perennial plant of up to 30 cm (1 ft) high, assigned to the daisy family. It has alternately arranged, seated, flat to slightly succulent, broad-based, entire, blunt tipped leaves. The flower heads sit individually on top of a stalk of up to 8 cm (3 in) long, have an involucre of three whorls of bracts, many yellow ray florets and many yellow disk florets. It can be found in southern Africa, in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, Swaziland, South Africa and on the coast of Angola.
Symphyotrichum racemosum is a species of flowering plant native to parts of the United States and introduced in Canada. It is known as smooth white oldfield aster and small white aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a late-summer and fall blooming flower.
Larsenianthus arunachalensis is a species of the genus Larsenianthus in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).. It was first described in 2010 and is native to northeastern India.
Hoffmannanthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae. There is only one known species, Hoffmannanthus abbotianus(O.Hoffm.) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley & Skvarla It's native range is Uganda and southern Tropical Africa. It is found in the countries of Angola, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zaïre.
Jeffreycia is a genus of African flowering plants in the daisy family. They are in the Vernonieae subtribe.