Rhinanthus glacialis

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Rhinanthus glacialis
Rhinanthus glacialis01.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Genus: Rhinanthus
Species:
R. glacialis
Binomial name
Rhinanthus glacialis
Personnat, 1863 [1]
Synonyms [2]
List
  • There is a long list of synonyms for this species, here being listed only a few of them:
    • Alectorolophus glacialis(Personnat) Fritsch
    • Alectorolophus gracilisSterneck
    • Alectorolophus lanceolatus(Kováts ex Neilr.) Sterneck
    • Alectorolophus simplexSterneck
    • Alectorolophus subalpinus(Sterneck) Behrendsen
    • Rhinanthus aristatus f. gracilis(Chabert) Hartl
    • Rhinanthus aristatus f. simplex(Sterneck) Hartl
    • Rhinanthus subalpinus(Sterneck) Schinz & Thell.
    • Rhinanthus vollmannii(Poeverl.) Bech.

Rhinanthus glacialis, commonly known as the aristate yellow rattle [3] or glacier rattle, [4] is a herbaceous plant species in the family Orobanchaceae, [5] formerly classified as a member of the family Scrophulariaceae. [6] This European species is primarily inhabiting the Central Europe. [7]

Contents

Taxonomy

Rhinanthus glacialis was first described in Bulletin de la Société botanique de France in year 1863 by Victor Personnat. [1]

Taxonomists recognize around seven subspecies of Rhinanthus glacialis: [2] [1]

Description

This upright-growing herbaceous rattle can reach from 10 to 50 centimetres of height. [8] Its linear to lanceolate [9] stem leaves are sessile and serrated, [10] arranged opposite on plant's stem. [9]

Bright to sulfur yellow bilabiate (two-lipped) flowers [9] are usually 1.5 – 1.8 centimetres long and arranged into a special type of inflorescence, the so-called spike. Each flower has a curved and open corolla tube, [10] [8] as well as a distinct upper lip, which consists of 1–2 millimetres long purplish to whiteish teeth. [10] There are no trichomes on flower's calyx. [8] Bracts are present and have 4–8 millimetres long bristle teeth. [10] [8] The plant's flowering period is between June and September. [9]

Layman can mistake Rhinanthus glacialis with similar rattles, especially the European Rhinanthus alectorolophus. R. glacialis can be distinguished from the latter by its hairless or only slightly hairy calyx, stem and leaves. [7]

The family Orobanchaceae is well-known for having a lot of species that are at least hemiparasites (partial parasites), meaning they are dependent on their hosts – other plants – for mineral compounds or water, [10] but produce their own organic compounds. [9]

Distribution

Rhinanthus glacialis is a European species, mostly inhabiting different countries of Central Europe (ranging from southeastern France to northwestern Balkan Peninsula [2] ). [8] This relatively common rattle can be found growing on cultivated and semi-dry meadows, on fields (especially grain fields), [8] different mountain slopes, on screes, [10] pastures and other sunny areas. [7] The plant inhabits altitudes ranging from lowland regions to mountain habitats [11] with moderate climate conditions. This rattle prefers slightly basic and humid soil, containing only a few of nitrogen compounds. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Lathraea</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Lathraea (toothwort) is a small genus of five to seven species of flowering plants, native to temperate Europe and Asia. They are parasitic plants on the roots of other plants, and are completely lacking chlorophyll. They are classified in the family Orobanchaceae.

<i>Rhinanthus minor</i> Species of flowering plant in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae

Rhinanthus minor, known as yellow rattle, is a herbaceous wildflower in the genus Rhinanthus in the family Orobanchaceae. It has circumpolar distribution in Europe, Russia, western Asia, and northern North America. An annual plant, yellow rattle grows up to 10–50 centimetres (3.9–19.7 in) tall, with upright stems and opposite, simple leaves. The fruit is a dry capsule, with loose, rattling seeds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orobanchaceae</span> Family of flowering plants known as broomrapes

Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

<i>Lathraea squamaria</i> Parasitic species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae

Lathraea squamaria, the common toothwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe and also occurs in Turkey.

<i>Euphrasia</i> Genus of plants knowns as eyebrights

Euphrasia, or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses and other plants. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections.

<i>Pedicularis canadensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Pedicularis canadensis, commonly called Canadian lousewort or wood betony, is a flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to North America, where it is found in southeastern Canada, the eastern United States, and eastern Mexico. It has a wide-ranging natural habitat, being found in mesic to dry, forests, woodlands, and prairies.

<i>Scheuchzeria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Scheuchzeria palustris, is a flowering plant in the family Scheuchzeriaceae, in which there is only one species and Scheuchzeria is the only genus. In the APG II system it is placed in the order Alismatales of the monocots.

<i>Rhinanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Rhinanthus is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Its species are commonly known as rattles. The genus consists of about 30 to 40 species found in Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with the greatest species diversity in Europe.

<i>Ballota nigra</i> Species of flowering plants in the sage family Lamiaceae

Ballota nigra, black horehound, is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia and it can be found throughout Europe. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.

<i>Euphrasia arguta</i> Species of flowering plant from Australia

Euphrasia arguta is a plant from the genus Euphrasia (eyebrights) within the family Orobanchaceae.

<i>Rhinanthus angustifolius</i> Species of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Rhinanthus angustifolius, the narrow-leaved rattle or greater yellow-rattle, is a plant species of the genus Rhinanthus. It is an annual wildflower native to temperate grasslands in much of Europe, and north and central Western Asia. The yellow flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees.

<i>Agalinis paupercula</i> Species of flowering plant

Agalinis paupercula, commonly known as the smallflower false foxglove, is a hemiparasitic annual plant native to the eastern parts of the United States and Canada. Found in open, moist areas, its purple flowers are borne on a 30-to-70-centimeter stem, and bloom in August and September. The species has often been treated as a variety of Agalinis purpurea, the purple false foxglove, and preliminary genetic evidence suggests that the two are, in fact, a single species.

<i>Melampyrum arvense</i> Species of flowering plant

Melampyrum arvense, commonly known as field cow-wheat, is an herbaceous flowering plant of the genus Melampyrum in the family Orobanchaceae. It is striking because of the conspicuous spike of pink or purple terminal bracts which includes the flowers.

<i>Pedicularis palustris</i> Species of flowering plant

Pedicularis palustris, commonly known as marsh lousewort or red rattle, is a plant species in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to central and northern Europe and Asia where it grows in wetlands and boggy habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern.

<i>Tozzia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae

Tozzia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, Tozzia alpina.

<i>Gentiana froelichii</i> Species of plant

Gentiana froelichii, commonly known as the Karawanken gentian, is an endemic hemicryptophyte and perennial plant species in the family Gentianaceae, which occurs in southeastern Alps. It can be found in Austria and Slovenia, with a few reported occurrences happening in Italy.

<i>Vicia grandiflora</i> Species of plant

Vicia grandiflora, commonly known as large yellow vetch and bigflower vetch, as well as large-flowered vetch, is a common herbaceous plant species in the family Fabaceae, which occurs as a native plant species in Europe and Asia, as well as an introduced vetch species in North America.

<i>Vicia tenuifolia</i> Species of plant

Vicia tenuifolia, the fine-leaved vetch and cow vetch, as well as fodder vetch and bramble vetch, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Fabaceae. This species grows widespread in Europe and some parts of both Asia and Africa. In some other areas it occurs as an introduced species. In few countries this edible vetch is used in both human and farm animals nutrition.

<i>Leucanthemum ircutianum</i> Species of plant

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<i>Galeopsis pubescens</i> Species of plant

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Rhinanthus glacialis Personnat". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  2. 1 2 3 "Rhinanthus glacialis Personnat | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  3. "Rhinanthus glacialis (RHIAR)[Overview]| EPPO Global Database". gd.eppo.int. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  4. "Rhinanthus glacialis; Glacier Rattle". calphotos.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  5. Oja, Tatjana; Talve, Tiina (2012-02-09). "Genetic diversity and differentiation in six species of the genus Rhinanthus (Orobanchaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 298 (5): 901–911. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0599-3. ISSN   0378-2697. S2CID   254051920.
  6. Hulst, Robert van; Thériault, Andrée; Shipley, Bill (1986-07-01). "The systematic position of the genus Rhinanthus (Scrophulariaceae) in North America". Canadian Journal of Botany. 64 (7): 1443–1449. doi:10.1139/b86-196. ISSN   0008-4026.
  7. 1 2 3 Lauber, K. (2001). Flora Helvetica = Flora der Schweiz = Flore de la Suisse = Flora della Svizzera (in German). Gerhart Wagner (3. überarb. Aufl ed.). Bern: Paul Haupt. ISBN   3-258-06313-3. OCLC   47196921.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schauer, Thomas; Caspari, Claus; Babij, Valerija (2008). Rastlinski vodnik: preprosto in zanesljivo določevanje rastlin po barvi cvetov : 1150 vrst cvetnic, trav, dreves in grmov (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Modrijan. ISBN   978-961-241-227-2. OCLC   449353509.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 park, Notranjski regijski. "Resasti škrobotec (Rhinanthus glacialis)". www.notranjski-park.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aichele, Dietmar; Golte-Bechtle, Marianne; Leskovec, Alfred; Turk, Boris (2004). Kaj neki tu cveti?: v naravi rastoče srednjeevropske zelnate kritosemenke (in Slovenian). Kranj: Narava. ISBN   978-961-91407-1-0. OCLC   447449842.
  11. Eppinger, Michael; Hofmann, Helga; Frajman, Božo (2006). Cvetlice: enostavno in zanesljivo določanje (in Slovenian). Kranj: Narava. ISBN   978-961-6582-01-8. OCLC   448381737.