Irwin Murray Brodo is an emeritus scientist at the Canadian Museum of Nature, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He is an authority on the identification and biology of lichens.
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
Pannaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The widespread genus contains an estimated 51 species, found primarily in tropical regions.
Leioderma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1888. He assigned Leioderma pycnophorum as the type species.
Fuscopannaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It has 55 species.
Leprocaulon is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Leprocaulaceae. Members of the genus Leprocaulon are commonly called mealy lichens.
Punctelia caseana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Its range covers eastern North America, extending south to central and northern Mexico, where it grows on the bark of many species of hardwood and conifer trees.
Punctelia appalachensis, commonly known as the Appalachian speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the eastern United States and eastern Canada. The lichen was first formally described in 1962 by lichenologist William Culberson as a species of Parmelia. He collected the type specimen growing on tree bark in West Virginia, Hildur Krog transferred it to the newly circumscribed genus Punctelia in 1982.
Loxospora ochrophaea is a species of crustose lichen in the family Sarrameanaceae.
Vainionora americana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae that is found in the United States. It was described as a species new to science in 2004 by the lichenologists Klaus Kalb, Tor Tønsberg, and John Alan Elix. The type was collected by Tønsberg from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, where it was found growing on the bark of a maple tree. It was later recorded in Alabama.
Lepraria harrisiana is a species of leprose lichen in the family Stereocaulaceae. It is widespread in the eastern United States where it occurs in humid habitats, such as conifer swamps and riparian forests.
Buellia sharpiana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists James Lendemer and Richard Harris. The type specimen was collected from the summit area of Mount Le Conte at an altitude of 6,300 ft (1,900 m). The specific epithet sharpiana honors Evelyn Bunches Sharp, wife of bryologist Aaron J. Sharp. The Sharps collected samples for the cryptogamic herbarium at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, especially after the original collection was destroyed by a fire in 1998.
Pseudevernia consocians is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in both North America and Central America. Some characteristic features of Pseudevernia consocians are its well-developed, numerous isidia, relatively narrow lobes, and the presence of the lichen product lecanoric acid.
Fuscopannaria leucosticta, commonly known as the rimmed shingle lichen, is a species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It has a squamulose (scaley) thallus that lacks soredia and isidia, but has abundant apothecia with distinct white rims. Although its main centres of distribution are eastern North America and southeast Asia, where it grows in damp forests, it has been reported from various other high-altitude, humid locations.
Candelariella clarkiae is a rare species of crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It was discovered in Colorado, USA, and formally described as a new species in 2015 by lichenologists Erin Tripp and James Lendemer. It was originally published with the species epithet clarki, but this was subsequently corrected to clarkiae. The name honors Dina Clark, Collections Manager at the University of Colorado herbarium, for her significant contributions to the knowledge of the Colorado flora, particularly the high plains ecosystems flanking the Southern Rocky Mountains. The authors note of the lichen that "it is bright and sunny, just like Dina’s disposition".
Bathelium carolinianum is a species of crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in the eastern United States.
Sporodophoron americanum is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in northeastern North America, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by the lichenologists James Lendemer, Erin Tripp, and Richard C.Harris. Damien Ertz and Andreas Frisch transferred it to Sporodophoron in 2015. The main morphological characteristics of the lichen include its blue-grey thallus, Trentepohlia algal photobiont partner, and white sporodochia. It has been assessed as an endangered species for the IUCN Red List.
Hispidopannaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It comprises two species, both found exclusively in southern South America. The genus is characterised by its large, leafy structures covered with stiff, bristle-like hairs, giving the lichen a fuzzy appearance. These lichens form symbiotic relationships with both green algae and cyanobacteria, allowing them to photosynthesise. Hispidopannaria was established as a distinct genus in 2020, based on DNA analysis that showed it to be genetically distinct from the closely related genus Pannaria. The two known species inhabit different ecological niches: H. hispidula is found in temperate rainforests across Chile and Argentina, primarily growing on tree bark, while H. dasyclada is endemic to Robinson Crusoe Island in Chile, where it grows on rocks and on soil.
Cladonia appalachensis is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Cladoniaceae, native to the southern Appalachians region in the United States. Described as a new species in 2013, its distribution is limited to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where it grows exclusively on Anakeesta rock outcrops along the ridge separating North Carolina and Tennessee. Due to its limited distribution and shrinking population, C. appalachensis is classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Parmotrema xanthinum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has a pale yellowish to greenish-grey body (thallus) that attaches loosely to its bark surface. First described in 1884, it was the subject of recent taxonomic studies that showed it to be the same species as the previously distinct Parmotrema madagascariaceum. The lichen can be identified by its broad lobes, 10–20 cm (4–8 in) across, with small finger-like projections (isidia) on its surface and hair-like projections along its edges. While particularly common in southeastern North America, including coastal and mountainous regions, it is widely distributed in subtropical and temperate areas worldwide. The species can be chemically distinguished by the presence of specific secondary metabolites including usnic acid and protolichinestrinic acid in its tissues.
