History
Catacombs are found at Chiusi. [4] The martyrdom of the deacon Irenaeus and the virgin Mustiola probably took place under Valerian. The monastery of San Salvatore in Amiata was traditionally said to have been built by Ratchis, King of the Lombards, in 747. The foundation document, however, is a forgery. [5] Afterwards the monastery rose to great power and influence. [6]
Bishop Francesco degli Atti (1348) was a doctor of Canon Law, noted for his De quarta canonica piorum legatorum debita episcopo, a treatise on the 25% of a bishop's income which ought to be spent on charity. [7]
Chiusi formerly boasted of a relic, the purported betrothal ring of the Blessed Virgin, which was taken to Perugia about 1449 by an Augustinian friar; in consequence of this a war broke out between them, in which Perugia was victorious and remained in possession of the ring. Pope Sixtus IV confiscated the ring, and had it brought to the Vatican, but Clement VIII returned it to Perugia. Two hundred years later, a wedding ring of the Virgin was being shown in Semur in Burgundy; another is preserved at S. Maria in via Lata in Rome; and another at the abbey of Anchin near Douai in France. [8]
Chapter and cathedral
The cathedral of Chiusi was dedicated to S. Secundinus. [9]
The cathedral was administered and served by a Chapter, originally composed of two dignities (the Provost and the Archpriest) and three Canons (canonici), along with four priests. The cathedral was a parish church, and the Archpriest and Provost were responsible for the parishioners' spiritual welfare. [10] In 1620, there were the two dignities and eight Canons. [11] Later two dignities were added (the Archdeacon and the Prior), and there were nine Canons and twelve beneficiati. [12]
In 1584, Bishop Masseo Bardi, O.F.M. (1581–1597) held a diocesan synod, and published the constitutions agreed upon at the meeting. [13] Bishop Lucio Borghesi (1682–1705) presided over a diocesan synod in Chiusi in 1684, and had its constitutions published. He held another synod in 1688. [14]
Losses of territory
In 1325, when the new diocese of Cortona was erected, Pope John XXII obtained part of the territory of the new diocese from the territory of the diocese of Chiusi. [15]
On 22 April 1459, Pope Pius II issued the bull "Triumphans Pastor", in which he raised the diocese of Siena to metropolitan status, and assigned to it as suffragans the dioceses of Soano, Chiusi, Massa, and Grosseto. [16] On 13 August 1462, with the bull "Pro Excellenti", Pius II created a new diocese, the diocese of Pienza, with his native town as the seat of the bishop. Territory for the new diocese came in part from the diocese of Chiusi. [17]
In the papal bull "In supereminenti" of 25 September 1600, Pope Clement VIII created the new diocese of Città di Pieve in Tuscany. The territory for the new diocese was taken from the dioceses of Perugia, Orvieto, the Papacy itself, and Chiusi ("Laviani, Pusteoli, Gioelle et Panigarolae cum caeteris locis in universo marchionatu Clusii" and Santa Flora). Pieve was raised to the status of a city (civitas), and its collegiate church of Ss. Gervasius and Protasius was raised to the rank of a cathedral. [18] The bull mentions that Bishop Ludovico Martelli had recently died, which no doubt simplified the process envisioned by the Pope, since there would be no opposition or appeals from Chiusi. Pope Clement sent Magister Anselmo Dandini, his papal notary de numero participantium, who was also Referendary of the Two Signatures, as Commissary and Apostolic Visitor, to assess and arrange the divisions ("ad divisionem et assignationem fructuum, redituum et proventuum, ac bonorum huiusmodi procedens"). [19] Pope Clement issued a second bull, "Super Universas", on 9 November 1601, in which he rehearsed all his orders from the first bull, ratified the arrangements made by Magister Dandini, and issued additional instructions for the organization of the diocese of Città di Pieve. In compensation for its losses, the episcopal revenues of Chiusi were to receive an annual payment of 1,000 scudi. [20] Chiusi finally received a new bishop, Fausto Mellari, on 22 April 1602. [21]
In the bull of 1 June 1772, preliminary to uniting the two dioceses of Chiusi and Pienza under one bishop, aeque personaliter, Pope Clement XIV removed four parishes from the diocese of Chiusi, Arcidorro, Monticello, Montelaterone and Casteldel Piano, transferring them to the diocese of Montalcino. [22] On 15 June 1772, in the bull "Quemadmodum", Pope Clement united the dioceses of Chiusi and Pienza. [23]
Amalgamation
On 15 June 1772, in the bull "Quemadmodum", Pope Clement united the dioceses of Chiusi and Pienza. [24]
On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, was abolished. This applied to the diocese of Chiusi e Pienza. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese. On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Montepulciano, Chiusi and Pienza be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Dioecesis Montis Politiani-Clusina-Pientina. The seat of the diocese was to be in Moontepulciano, and was to serve as the cathedral of the merged diocese. The cathedrals in Chiusi and Pienza were to become co-cathedrals, and the cathedral Chapters were each to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in Montepulciano, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the former dioceses of Chiusi and Pienza, and was suffragan to the archdiocese of Siena. [25]
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