Roraiman nightjar

Last updated

Roraiman nightjar
CaprimulgusWhitelyiKeulemans.jpg
Illustration by Keulemans, 1892
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Caprimulgiformes
Family: Caprimulgidae
Genus: Setopagis
Species:
S. whitelyi
Binomial name
Setopagis whitelyi
(Salvin, 1885)
Setopagis whitelyi map.svg
Synonyms
  • Anstrotomus whitelyi
  • Caprimulgus whitelyi
  • Hydropsalis whitelyi

The Roraiman nightjar (Setopagis whitelyi) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The Roraiman nightjar was described as Anstrotomus whitelyi and was later lumped into genus Caprimulgus. [3] Between the early 2010s and 2024 taxonomic systems placed it in genus Setopagis. [2] [4] [5] [6] However, based on a study published in 2023, in late 2024 the Clements taxonomy and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society moved it to the newly created monotypic genus Tepuiornis. [4] [7] [8]

The Roraiman nightjar has no subspecies. [2]

Description

The Roraiman nightjar is 21 to 22.4 cm (8.3 to 8.8 in) long. Males weigh 30 to 40 g (1.1 to 1.4 oz) and females 45 to 48 g (1.6 to 1.7 oz). The male's upperparts are blackish brown with cinnamon and grayish spots. The tail feathers are dark brown; the outermost three pairs have faint but broad pale buff bars and two pairs have large white spots at their tips. The wings are mostly dark brown with a thin white bar near the end and white spots near the body. The chin and upper throat are dark brown, the lower throat white, the breast dark brown with pale buff bars, and the belly and flanks pale buff with brown bars. The female is more brownish than blackish, the wing spots and bars are smaller and buffy instead of white, and the white spots on the tail are smaller. [3]

Distribution and habitat

The Roraiman nightjar is found in the tepui region at the junction of southeastern Venezuela, southwestern Guyana, and northernmost Brazil. It inhabits open areas such as savanna, clearings, and the edges of forest. In elevation it ranges between 1,280 and 1,800 m (4,200 and 5,900 ft) in Venezuela but has been recorded as low as 850 m (2,790 ft) in Guyana. [3]

Behavior

Feeding

The Roraiman nightjar is nocturnal. Little is known about its foraging behavior, whether it forages by sallying from the ground or a low perch and/or during continuous flight. [3]

Breeding

The Roraiman nightjar's breeding biology is unknown. It is assumed to lay one or two eggs directly on the ground like other nightjars. [3]

Vocalization

The Roraiman nightjar's song is "a burry hreeer, rising then falling in pitch, and repeated at intervals of 1-2 seconds." [3]

Status

The IUCN originally in 1988 assessed the Roraiman nightjar as Near Threatened and since 2004 as being of Least Concern. Its population size is unknown and is believed to be decreasing. The primary threat is habitat modification either intentional or by fire; the tepui vegetation when damaged does not regrow but is replaced by vegetation less suitable for the nightjar. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sooty-capped hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The sooty-capped hermit is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cayenne nightjar</span> Species of bird

The Cayenne nightjar is a species of bird in the nightjar family only known from a single specimen, a male taken on the Fleuve Mana, French Guiana, in 1917. However, a possible female was caught at the Saül airstrip, French Guiana, in 1982.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-tipped swift</span> Species of bird

The white-tipped swift is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly Guyana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-chinned swift</span> Species of bird

The white-chinned swift is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is found from Mexico south through most Central America countries into South America as far south as Peru and east as far as Suriname.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern striolated puffbird</span> Species of bird

The eastern striolated puffbird is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthony's nightjar</span> Species of bird

Anthony's nightjar, also known as the scrub nightjar, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spot-tailed nightjar</span> Species of bird

The spot-tailed nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackish nightjar</span> Species of bird

The blackish nightjar is a species of bird in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little nightjar</span> Species of bird

The little nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Least nighthawk</span> Species of bird

The least nighthawk is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sickle-winged nightjar</span> Species of bird

The sickle-winged nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and possibly Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-bellied nighthawk</span> Species of bird

The rufous-bellied nighthawk, sometimes also Taczanowski's nighthawk, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long-trained nightjar</span> Species of bird

The long-trained nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chocó poorwill</span> Species of bird

The Chocó poorwill is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swallow-tailed nightjar</span> Species of bird

The swallow-tailed nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sharp-tailed streamcreeper</span> Species of bird

The sharp-tailed streamcreeper is a passerine bird of South America in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. Alternate names include streamside Lochmias, sharp-tailed creeper, and simply streamcreeper. It is found in Panama and every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, and Suriname.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chapman's bristle tyrant</span> Species of bird

Chapman's bristle tyrant, also known as Chapman's tyrannulet, is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roraiman barbtail</span> Species of bird

The Roraiman barbtail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Todd's nightjar</span> Species of bird

Todd's nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tschudi's nightjar</span> Species of bird

Tschudi's nightjar or lesser band-winged nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Chile and Peru.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2024). "Roraiman Nightjar Setopagis whitelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (August 2024). "IOC World Bird List (v 14.2)" . Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 West, M. and T. S. Schulenberg (2024). Roraiman Nightjar (Tepuiornis whitelyi), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rornig1.01.1 retrieved December 3, 2024
  4. 1 2 Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024
  5. HBW and BirdLife International (2024). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 8.1. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/taxonomy retrieved August 26, 2024
  6. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 28 September 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved September 29, 2024
  7. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
  8. Thiago Vernaschi V. Costa, Paul van Els, Michael J. Braun, Bret M. Whitney, Nigel Cleere, Snorri Sigurðsson, and Luis Fábio Silveira (2023) "Systematic revision and generic classification of a clade of New World nightjars (Caprimulgidae), with descriptions of new genera from South America" Avian Systematics 1 (6):55–99