Royal Mail Ship

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RMS "Crown" as displayed by the Cunard liner Laconia RMS Laconia Crest.jpg
RMS "Crown" as displayed by the Cunard liner Laconia
Royal Mail steamship routes Mail steamship routes (2).jpg
Royal Mail steamship routes

Royal Mail Ship (sometimes Steam-ship or Steamer), usually seen in its abbreviated form RMS, is the ship prefix used for seagoing vessels that carry mail under contract to the British Royal Mail. The designation dates back to 1840. [1] Any vessel designated as "RMS" has the right both to fly the pennant of the Royal Mail when sailing and to include the Royal Mail "crown" insignia with any identifying device and/or design for the ship. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

It was used by many shipping lines, but is often associated in particular with the White Star Line, Cunard, [2] [5] Royal Mail Lines, Union-Castle Line, Canadian Pacific Line, Orient Line and the P&O, which held a number of high-profile mail contracts, and traditionally prefixed the names of many of their ships with the initials "RMS".

While some lines in the past, particularly the Royal Mail Lines, called all their ships "RMS", technically a ship would use the prefix only while contracted to carry mail, and would revert at other times to a standard designation such as "SS". [6] [7]

History

RMS Prince Arthur PRINCE ARTHUR CDSPC.JPG
RMS Prince Arthur

Originally, the British Admiralty operated these ships. [8]

The designation "RMS" has been used since 1840. [9] In 1850 contracts were awarded to private companies. Having the title "RMS" was seen as a mark of quality and a competitive advantage, because the mail had to be on time.

RMS Titanic Titanic in color.png
RMS Titanic

The most valuable route, with the highest volume, was between Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire), in Ireland, and Holyhead in Wales. The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company (CDSPCo) won the contract. They bought RMS St Columba and RMS Llewellyn from the Admiralty to supplement their Prince Arthur. In the CDSPCo contract, in 1860, there was a penalty clause of £1 1s 4d for every minute's delay.

The Canadian Pacific's trans-Pacific Royal Mail contract required the building of the first three of a fleet of steamships: the RMS Empress of China, RMS Empress of India and RMS Empress of Japan which regularly sailed between Vancouver and Asia beginning in 1891. [10] The RMS designation was also used on the ships of the White Star, P&O and Cunard lines of the 19th and 20th centuries. The most famous liner with the RMS title was the Titanic.

Modern times

Royal Mail aircraft-marking; on a British Airways Airbus A320-232 G-EUUI Royal Mail aircraft 20080215.jpg
Royal Mail aircraft-marking; on a British Airways Airbus A320-232 G-EUUI

In recent years the shift to air transport for mail has left only three ships with the right to the prefix or its variations: RMS Segwun, which serves as a passenger vessel in Gravenhurst, Ontario, Canada; RMV Scillonian III, which serves the Isles of Scilly; and RMS Queen Mary 2. The "RMS" prefix was granted to QM2 by Royal Mail when she entered service in 2004 on the Southampton to New York route as a gesture to Cunard's history. [2]

The Royal Mail continues a form of this tradition on modern day airliners. The UK's flag carrier airline, British Airways, is contracted to carry mail on some of its scheduled long-distance routes. Aircraft operating these routes with the facilities to carry mail are allowed to display the Royal Mail's logo and crest on their fuselage, usually alongside their registration markings.

Other designations

The less-common designations RMMV for Royal Mail Motor Vessel and RMMS for Royal Mail Motor Ship, were used for a period when RMS was restricted to steam-ships. Motor Vessel and Motor Ship indicated that propulsion was provided by diesel rather than steam.

The RMV Scillonian III carries the designation RMV for Royal Mail Vessel and is the only active RMV.

List of current Royal Mail Ships

NameLineIn serviceStatus
Scillonian III Isles of Scilly Steamship Company 1977Currently in active service. Officially designated Royal Mail Vessel but has the status of Royal Mail Ship. Currently the only ship still carrying mail for Royal Mail.
Queen Mary 2 Cunard 2004Conferred the status of Royal Mail Ship as a gesture to Cunard's history but does not carry mail for the British postal service. [11] However, a traditional red Royal Mail postbox is available to all passengers wishing to post letters aboard and the same is emptied by the crew at every call at Southampton, the ship's home port, and forwarded ashore. Queen Mary 2 is currently in active service as an ocean liner.
Segwun Muskoka Lakes Navigation Co1887Built as SS Nipissing, then as Segwun 1925, out of service from 1958 to 1981; restored 1972–1981 and returned to service since 1981. The only remaining steam-powered Royal Mail Ship.

List of past Royal Mail Ships

Service dates are the years with the status of Royal Mail Ship. Those highlighted are still in service with the status of Royal Mail Ship.

NameLineIn serviceLeft serviceStatus
Adriatic White Star 19071934Scrapped
Alaunia Cunard 19131916Sunk by mine
Alaunia Cunard 19251957Scrapped
Alaunia Cunard 19601969Sold 1969 to Brocklebank Line and renamed as Malancha, sold again in 1971 to Panama as Humi Nastta and fate unknown
Albania Cunard 19111930Built in 1900 as Consuelo, bought by Cunard 1911 & renamed Albania, sold 1912 & renamed Poleric, scrapped 1930
Alcantara Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19131916Sunk by enemy action
Alcantara Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, later Royal Mail Lines19261958Scrapped
Almanzora Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19061948Scrapped
Amanda Pickford & Black ———
Amazon Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19061916Sunk by enemy action
Andania Cunard 19131918Sunk by enemy action
Andania Cunard 19211940Sunk by enemy action
Andes Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19131929Scrapped after finishing career as the cruise ship Atlantis
Andes Royal Mail Lines 19391959Scrapped in 1971 after finishing career as a cruise ship
Antonia Cunard 19211948Scrapped
Aquitania Cunard 19141950Scrapped
Arabia P&O 18981916Sunk by enemy action
Aragon Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19051917Sunk by enemy action
Arlanza Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19121938Scrapped
Arundel Castle Union-Castle 19211959Scrapped
Ascania Cunard 19231957Scrapped
Asturias Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19251957Scrapped
Aurania Cunard 18811905Scrapped
Aurania Cunard 19161918Sunk by enemy action
Aurania Cunard 19241961Scrapped
Atlantic White Star 18711873Sunk after collision with rocks
Ausonia Cunard 19211965Scrapped
Avon Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 1906 and 19191914 and 1929Converted as troopship in 1914, then as armed merchant cruiser 1915 and renamed HMS Avoca, return to owners and renamed Avon in 1919; scrapped 1930
Baltic White Star 19041933Scrapped
Ben-my-Chree Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18451860Wrecked
Ben-my-Chree Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18751906Scrapped
Ben-my-Chree Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19081915Sunk by enemy action
Ben-my-Chree Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19271965Scrapped
Ben-my-Chree Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19661984Scrapped
Ben-my-Chree Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19982008Currently on active service as RO/PAX vessel
Berengaria Cunard 19131938Scrapped
Britannia Cunard 18401880Sunk
Britannic White Star 18741903Scrapped
Britannic White Star 19151916Sunk by mine
Britannic White Star 19291960Scrapped
Bulimba British India Steam Navigation Company 18861922Built 1881, sold to China in 1882, scrapped in 1933.
Capetown Castle Union-Castle 19371966Scrapped
Campania Cunard 18911918Sank after collision with HMS Glorious
Carinthia Cunard 19251940Sunk by enemy action
Carinthia Cunard 19561968Sold 1968; renamed Fairland; scrapped 2006
Carmania Cunard 19051932Scrapped
Carnarvon Castle Union-Castle 1926 and 19501939 and 1963Commissioned as HMS Carnarvon Castle from 1939 to 1947.
Carpathia Cunard 19031918Sunk by enemy action
Caronia Cunard 19051933Scrapped
Caronia Cunard White Star 19481974Scrapped
Celtic White Star 19011933Scrapped
Cedric White Star 19031932Scrapped
Columba David MacBrayne 18791936Scrapped
Columba David MacBrayne 19641968Owned by the Secretary of State for Scotland, chartered to David MacBrayne. Renamed MV Columba in 1968. Currently in active service as Hebridean Princess.
Doric White Star 19231935Scrapped after collision with the Formigny
Douglas Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18581862Sold to Cunard, Wilson and Co. Later scrapped
Douglas Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18641888Scrapped
Douglas Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19011923Sunk after collision with Artemisia
Dunottar Castle Union-Castle 18901915Sunk during bad weather
Durham Castle Union-Castle 19041940Sunk by mine
Ebro Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 19141954Scrapped after becoming NT Serpa Pinto
Ellan Vannin Castletown Steam Navigation Company18541858Sold to the Government of Sardinia, renamed Archimedes
Ellan Vannin Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18831909Sunk during bad weather in the River Mersey, December, 1909
Empress of Asia [12] Canadian Pacific 19131942 [12] Sunk by enemy action
Empress of Australia [6] Canadian Pacific 19221952 [13] Scrapped
Empress of Australia Canadian Pacific 19531956Scrapped
Empress of Britain Canadian Pacific 19061930Scrapped
Empress of Britain Canadian Pacific 19311940 [14] Sunk by enemy action
Empress of Britain Canadian Pacific 19561965Scrapped
Empress of Canada Canadian Pacific 19221943Sunk by enemy action
Empress of Canada Canadian Pacific 19291953Scrapped
Empress of Canada [15] Canadian Pacific 19612003Scrapped
Empress of China [16] Canadian Pacific 18911912Scrapped
Empress of England [17] Canadian Pacific 19571970Scrapped
Empress of France Canadian Pacific 19141931Scrapped
Empress of India [16] Canadian Pacific 18911919Scrapped
Empress of India Canadian Pacific 19081928Scrapped
Empress of Ireland Canadian Pacific 19061914Sunk after collision with SS Storstad
Empress of Japan Canadian Pacific 19301966Scrapped after fire
Empress of Russia [18] Canadian Pacific 19131945 [18] Scrapped after fire
Empress of Scotland Canadian Pacific 19061930Scrapped
Empress of Scotland Canadian Pacific 19301966Scrapped after fire
Empress Queen Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18971916Foundered on the Ring Rocks off Bembridge, Isle of Wight, February, 1916
Etruria Cunard 18851909Scrapped
Fenella Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18811929Scrapped
Fenella Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19371940Sunk by enemy action at the Dunkirk evacuation.
Fenella Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19511973Sold 1973 and renamed Vasso M. Sank off Damietta, 2 February 1977
Franconia Cunard 19221956Scrapped
Franconia Cunard 19631971See Ivernia.
Germanic White Star 18751950Scrapped
Georgic White Star 19331954Scrapped
Homeric White Star 19221935Scrapped
Ivernia Cunard 19551971Renamed RMS Franconia 1963, sold 1973 and renamed Feodor Shalyapin; scrapped 2004
Kenya Castle Union-Castle 19511967Sold to Chandris of Greece and renamed Amerikanis; used until 1996 and sold after 2000 and scrapped 2001
King Orry Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18421858Sold 1858
King Orry Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18711912Scrapped
King Orry Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19131940Sunk by enemy action at the Dunkirk evacuation
King Orry Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19461975Scrapped
King Orry Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19901998Sold 1998
Knight of Malta Cassar Co. Ltd.19291941Wrecked
Laconia Cunard 19121917Sunk by enemy action
Laconia Cunard 19221942Sunk by enemy action
Lady Drake Canadian National 19281942Sunk by enemy action
Lady Hawkins Canadian National 19281942Sunk by enemy action
Lady Nelson Canadian National 19281939Acquired as hospital ship and later as troop ship by Royal Canadian Navy; returned to CN 1946; retired by CN 1952 and sold to Egypt as Gumhuryat Misr for Khedivial Mail Line, renamed Alwadi in 1960; broken up in Egypt 1968
Lady Rodney Canadian National 19291953Sold to Khedivial Mail Line and renamed Mecca, then to United Arab Maritime Company in 1961; scuttled in Egypt 1967
Lady Somers Canadian National 19291940Acquired by RN 1940 and sunk in Atlantic Ocean about 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Ponta Delgada, Azores 1941
Lady of Mann Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19301971Scrapped
Lady of Mann Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19762005Sold 2005
Lancastria Cunard 19201940Sunk by enemy action
Leinster City of Dublin SP 18961918Sunk by enemy action
Llandovery Castle Union-Castle 19141918Sunk by enemy action
Lucania Cunard 18931909Scrapped after fire
Lusitania Cunard 19071915Sunk after being torpedoed by SM U-20
Majestic White Star 19221940Scrapped
Maloja P&O 19231954Scrapped
Manxman Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19201940Scrapped
Manxman Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19551982Scrapped
Manx Maid Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19231950Scrapped
Manx Maid Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19621984Scrapped
Manx Viking Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19781987Sold 1987
Mauretania Cunard White Star 19061935Scrapped
Mauretania Cunard White Star 19391965Scrapped
Medina P&O 19111917Sunk by enemy action
Mona Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18321841Sold 1841
Mona Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18781883Sunk in the Formby Channel, after being struck by the SS Rita
Mona Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19031909Scrapped
Mona Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19191938Scrapped
Mona's Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18301851Scrapped
Mona's Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18601883Converted to screw propulsion and renamed Ellan Vannin, sank 1909 in River Mersey
Mona's Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18821915Scrapped
Mona's Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19051948Scrapped
Mona's Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19501980Scrapped
Mona's Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19841986Sold 1986 and renamed Al Fahad; wrecked off Jeddah, June 2004
Mona's Queen Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18531880Scrapped
Mona's Queen Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18851929Recommissioned in 1915; returned to service in 1919; Scrapped by Smith & Company in Port Glasgow, 1929
Mona's Queen Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19341940Sunk by enemy action
Mona's Queen Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19461962Scrapped in 1981
Mona's Queen Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19721995Scrapped in 2008
Mooltan P&O 19231953Scrapped
Newfoundland Johnston Warren Lines 19251943Burnt out by enemy action
Niagara Union Steamship Co of NZ 19121940Sunk by enemy action
Nova Scotia Johnston Warren Lines 19261942Sunk by enemy action
Oceanic White Star 18711896Scrapped
Oceanic White Star 18991914Scrapped
Olympic White Star 19111935Scrapped
Orama Orient Line 19111917Torpedoed by SM U-62 south of Western Approaches
Orama Orient Line 19241940Sunk by the German cruiser Admiral Hipper off Norway
Orizaba Orient Line 18861905Wrecked off Garden Island, Fremantle
Ormuz Orient Line 18861912Sold to Cie de Nav. Sud-Atlantique, renamed SS Divona; last owned by Union Industrielle Et Maritime (U.I.M) and scuttled in 1942 off Bizerta, Tunisia, raised and scrapped in 1946
Ormuz Orient Line 19201927ex-Zeppelin, 1920 renamed Ormuz, 1927 sold to North German Lloyd, renamed Dresden.
Orontes Orient Line 19021916Lost RMS status in 1916–1917 while serving as a troopship. Laid up in 1921. Sold in 1922 and became the exhibition ship SS British Trade. Repossessed by Orient Line later the same year and reverted to Orontes (although not with the status of RMS). Scrapped in 1926.
Orotava Orient Line 18891906Served as a troop ship between 1899 and 1903 as a troopship during the Second Boer War. Scrapped.
Oruba Orient Line 18891906Scrapped.
Otranto Orient Line 1926 and 19481939 and 1957Served as troop ship HMTS Otranto during World War II. Sold to the British Iron & Steel Corporation as scrap and broken up at Faslane.
Peel Castle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19121939Scrapped
Pendennis Castle Union-Castle 19591980Scrapped
Persia Cunard 18551872Scrapped
Peveril Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18841899Sank off Douglas after a collision with SS Monarch 16 September 1899
Peveril Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19291964Scrapped
Port Kingston Imperial Direct West Mail Co 19041911Sold to Union Steamship Co of NZ; renamed Tahiti; sank 1930
Prince of Wales Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18881915Scrapped
Queen Elizabeth Cunard White Star 19471968Launched in 1940 and served as a troop ship until 1946. Scrapped after arson fire.
Queen Mary Cunard White Star 1936 and 19471940 and 1967Served as a troop ship from 1940 to 1946. Decommissioned in 1967; currently restaurant/hotel/museum in Long Beach, California
Queen of the Isle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18341845Sold 1845; eventually reported lost off the Falkland Islands
Queen Victoria Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18881915Scrapped
Quetta British-India SN Co 18811890Wrecked
Ramsey Town Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19041936Scrapped
Remuera New Zealand Shipping Co 19111940Sunk by enemy action
Republic Oceanic Steam Navigation d/b/a White Star Line 19031909Sunk after collision with another ship
Rotorua New Zealand Shipping Co 19101917Sunk by enemy action
Rhone Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 18651867Wrecked
Royal Adelaide City of Dublin SP 18381849Sank
Rushen Castle Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18981947Scrapped
Samaria Cunard 19201956Scrapped
Saxonia Cunard 19001925Scrapped
Saxonia Cunard 19541999In 1962 renamed Carmania; in 1973 sold & renamed Leonid Sobinov, scrapped 1999
St Helena HM Government 19771990Ex-Northland Prince. Lost RMS status in 1990 and renamed St Helena Island. Renamed Avalon in 1990 and Indooceanique in 1993. Scrapped in 1996.
St Helena HM Government19902018Last ocean-crossing ship in regular mail-carrying service. Used as headquarters for the Extreme E racing series.
Scillonian Isles of Scilly SC 19261955Scrapped
Scillonian Isles of Scilly SC 19551977Sold and eventually sank after owner abandoned her in 2004
Scotia Cunard 18611904Wrecked
Scythia I Cunard 18741899Scrapped
Scythia II Cunard 19211958Scrapped
Servia Cunard 18811901Scrapped
Slavonia British-India SN Co 19021909Wrecked
Snaefell Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18631875Sold 1875
Snaefell Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18761904Scrapped
Snaefell Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19101918Sunk by enemy action
Snaefell Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19201945Scrapped 1948
Snaefell Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19481978Scrapped 1978
Snaefell Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 20062011Built 1991, acquired 2006, sold 2011.
Southampton Castle Union-Castle 19651978Sold to Cost Armatori of Italy with Good Hope Castle and renamed Paola C; scrapped in China 1984
Strathaird P&O 19311961RMS status removed in 1954 and renamed SS Strathaird. Scrapped.
Strathnaver P&O 19311962RMS status removed in 1954 and renamed SS Strathnaver. Scrapped.
Sylvania Cunard 19572004Sold 1968 & renamed Fairwind; scrapped 2004
Tahiti Union Steamship Co of NZ 19111930Hull holed by broken propeller; sank
Tayleur White Star (not OSNC)18531853Ran aground
The Ramsey Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18951915Sunk by enemy action
Titanic White Star 19121912Sunk after collision with iceberg
Transvaal Castle Union-Castle 19612000Sold 1966 to Safmarine and renamed "SA Vaal"; left Royal Mail service 1969; scrapped 2003
Trent Royal Mail SP 18411865Scrapped
Tynwald Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18461886Sold 1866
Tynwald Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18861888Sold 1888
Tynwald Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 18911934Sold 1934
Tynwald Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19361939Sunk by enemy action
Tynwald Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19471974Scrapped 1975
Tynwald Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19861990Sold and left Royal Mail service 1990; scrapped 2007 [19]
Tyrconnel Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19111932Scrapped
Umbria Cunard 18841910Scrapped
Viceroy of India P&O 19271942Sunk by enemy action
Victoria Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19071957Scrapped
Victoria East African Railways & Harbours 19611977Lost status when EAR&H was dissolved; still in service as "MV Victoria"
Victorian Allan Line 19041929World's first steam turbine ocean liner; scrapped 1929
Viking Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 19051954Scrapped in 1954
Windsor Castle Union-Castle 19221943Sunk by enemy action
Windsor Castle Union-Castle 19601998Scrapped

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The first citation in The Times is from 18 August 1840.
  2. 1 2 3 Royal Mails employees Courier newspaper page 20 August 2007
  3. ↑ QM2 Archived 13 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ "United Kingdom – Royal Mail". Flags of The World. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  5. ↑ Maxtone-Graham, John et al. (2004). Queen Mary 2, p. 184.
  6. 1 2 By Wireless from R.M.S. Empress of Australia. "Royal Gifts Gladden 172 On Lonely Atlantic Island" (Tristan da Cunya)," The New York Times . 24 March 1935; Robinson, Samuel. (1924).
  7. ↑ Official report of Capt. S. Robinson, R.N.R.,: Commander of the Canadian Pacific S.S. "Empress of Australia", on the Japanese earthquake, the fire and subsequent relief operations.
  8. ↑ The Admiralty took over the Packet Service from the General Post Office in 1823.
  9. ↑ The first citation in The Times is from 18 August 1840.
  10. ↑ Kennedy, John. (1903). The History of Steam Navigation, pp. 147–151.
  11. ↑ "Royal Mail employee's Courier newspaper". Royal Mail. August 2007.
  12. 1 2 "Empress of Asia Sunk Last 4 Feb.; Canadian Pacific Liner Hit by Five Bombs in Flight From Singapore MOST OF TROOPS ESCAPED 16,909-Ton Ship Abandoned After Four-Day Fires Had Ruined Her Interior," The New York Times. 20 May 1942.
  13. ↑ 40-year-old Ship Makes Last Trip; Empress of Australia, Luxury Liner and Troop Carrier, on Way to Scrap Heap," The New York Times. 1 May 1952.
  14. ↑ "British Announce Empress Ship Loss; Admiralty Fixes Death Toll at 45 Out of 643 Aboard Canadian Pacific Liner TORPEDOES FINISH JOB U-Boat Overtakes Burning Ship in Tow and Completes Task Started by Bomber Ship Attacked Three Times Women and Children Calm," The New York Times. 29 October 1940.
  15. ↑ "Transport News and Notes; Empress of France Will Be Retired," New York Times 27 November 1960.
  16. 1 2 Kennedy, p. 150.
  17. ↑ "Lady Eden to Launch Ship," New York Times 5 May 1956.
  18. 1 2 "Pacific Air Routes Replace Ship Line; Canadian Company Abandons Pre-War Service of Fleet, Maps Overseas Flights," The New York Times. 10 April 1949.
  19. ↑ "MV Antrim Princess (1967)". tynebuiltships.co.uk. Retrieved 29 April 2017.

References

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