Design
Project 971 has a double-hull design. The robust body is made of high quality alloy steel with σт = 1 GPa (10,000 kgf / cm²). To simplify the installation of equipment, the boat was designed using zonal blocks, which made it possible to transfer a significant amount of work from the cramped conditions of the sub's compartments directly to the workshop. After completion of the installation, the zonal unit is “rolled” into the hull of the boat and connected to the main cables and pipelines of the ship's systems. [6] A two-stage damping system is used: all mechanisms are placed on damped foundations, in addition, each zone unit is isolated from the body by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers. [6] In addition to reducing the overall noise level of nuclear submarines, such a scheme can reduce the impact of underwater explosions on equipment and crew. [7] [6] The boat has a developed vertical tail unit with a streamlined boule, in which the towed antenna is located. Also on the submarine are two reclining thrusters and retractable bow horizontal rudders with flaps. A feature of the project is the smoothly mated connection of the tail unit to the hull. This is done to reduce noise-generating hydrodynamic eddies.
Power supply is carried out by a nuclear power plant. The lead boat, K-284 Akula, is equipped with an OK-650M.01 pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactor. On later orders, the AEU has minor improvements. Some sources report that subsequent boats are equipped with OK-9VM reactors. [8] The thermal power of the reactor is 190 MW, the shaft power is 50,000 liters. with. Two auxiliary electric motors in the hinged outboard columns have a capacity of 410 hp. with., there is one diesel generator ASDG-1000.
Construction and career
The submarine was laid down on 5 September 1986 at Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Launched on 18 July 1987 and commissioned on 30 December 1988. [9]
The boat was adopted into the Navy on 25 January 1989. On 1 March, he was included in the Red Banner Pacific Fleet. He became a part of the 45th Submarine Division of the second submarine KTOF based in Kamchatka, in the Krasheninnikov Bay (Rybachy settlement).
In the summer of 1990, she completed the tasks of combat service. The duration of tracking foreign submarines in the campaign was more than 14 days (354 hours). This was the best result at that time, tracking time for the foreign submarine exceeded the best achievements of the submarines of the USSR Navy. On 13 April 1993, he received the name Kashalot.
In March 1998, the 2nd FPL of the Pacific Fleet was transferred to the 10th DPL with the former base.
In the TSD Zeya in September 2002, he was transported to the ZSO Vostok, the reactor core was unloaded, before being put into medium repair.
From 2013 to 2014, she was on the territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Amur Shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, awaiting repairs.
In January 2015, the Indian Navy's leadership submitted an offer to lease the Kashalot nuclear submarine after being repaired. [10]
On 10 October 2019, a decision was made on the inexpediency and technical impossibility of further repairs and on the disposal of the submarine in May 2020. [11] Disposal work began in 2020 on the basis of the Amur shipyard. [12] Instead of K-322, India plans to lease K-331 Magadan.
The Typhoon class, Soviet designation Project 941 Akula, was a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines designed and built by the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. With a submerged displacement of 48,000 tonnes, the Typhoons are the largest submarines ever built, able to accommodate comfortable living facilities for the crew of 160 when submerged for months on end. The source of the NATO reporting name remains unclear, although it is often claimed to be related to the use of the word "typhoon" ("тайфун") by General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev of the Communist Party in a 1974 speech while describing a new type of nuclear ballistic missile submarine, as a reaction to the United States Navy's new Ohio-class submarine.
The Akula class, Soviet designation Project 971 Shchuka-B is a series of fourth generation nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) first deployed by the Soviet Navy in 1986. There are four sub-classes or flights of Shchuka-B, consisting of the original seven Project 971 boats, commissioned between 1984 and 1990; six Project 971Is, commissioned between 1991 and 2009; one Project 971U, commissioned in 1995; and one Project 971M, commissioned in 2001. The Russians call all of the submarines Shchuka-B, regardless of modifications.
The Foxtrot class was the NATO reporting name of a class of diesel-electric patrol submarines that were built in the Soviet Union. The Soviet designation of this class was Project 641. The Foxtrot class was designed to replace the earlier Zulu class, which suffered from structural weaknesses and harmonic vibration problems that limited its operational depth and submerged speed. The first Foxtrot keel was laid down in 1957 and commissioned in 1958 and the last was completed in 1983. A total of 58 were built for the Soviet Navy at the Sudomekh division of the Admiralty Shipyard, Saint Petersburg. Additional hulls were built for other countries.
ТК-202 was a ballistic missile submarine of the Russian Navy, formerly having served in the Soviet Navy.
The Sierra class, Soviet designations Project 945 Barrakuda and Project 945A Kondor,, are a series of nuclear-powered attack submarines intended for the Soviet Navy and currently in service with the Russian Navy.
K-64 was a nuclear-powered Soviet submarine, head ship of its class.
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