| Little River arrowhead | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Alismataceae |
| Genus: | Sagittaria |
| Species: | S. secundifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Sagittaria secundifolia Kral | |
Sagittaria secundifolia, also known as Kral's water plantain [2] or Little River arrowhead [3] is an endangered aquatic plant endemic to banks along the Little River of the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. [4]
It is a perennial, aquatic herb with an underwater, thick horizontal root about 5–10 centimeters (2–4 in) long and 6 millimeters (0.25 in) thick. This particular species grows in the cracks in stream beds. Each leaf arches upward and is 5–10 centimeters (2–4 in) long with a pointed tip.
Sagittaria secundifolia is found growing on or below the water, on rocky creek beds and nearby slopes.in the Little River drainage in DeKalb and Cherokee counties of Alabama and Chattooga County, Georgia, the Town Creek drainage in DeKalb County (where it is believed to have been extirpated), and in the West Sipsey Fork in Winston County in Alabama. [5] It is often found in association with azaleas ( Rhododendron sp.), mountain laurel ( Kalmia sp.) and holly ( Ilex sp.).
Both threatened and endangered species and poached species are critical resources to several parks. The last known population of Sagittaria secundifolia is in the Little River system (USFWS 1991), and the endangered green pitcher plant (Sarracenia oreophila) and harperella (Harperella nodosa) are also found there (LIRI). The Lookout Mountain (CHCH) population of the federally endangered mountain skullcap (Scutellaria montana) is listed as one of the last ten remaining populations. The Tennessee coneflower (Echinacea tennesseensis) population at STRI is one of five remaining (USFWS 1989). [2]
Reasons to explain the endagered status od Sagittaria secundifolia include erosion-related water quality degradation, silting and turbidity, resulting from residential or recreational development, as well as surface mining, agriculture, and forest conversion. Another issue is water pollution from garbage dumping and leaking sewage systems. Water impoundments and offroad vehicle traffic also causes great harm to the species. [3]
Sagittaria is a genus of about 30 species of aquatic plants whose members go by a variety of common names, including arrowhead, duck potato, katniss, Omodaka, swamp potato, tule potato, and wapato. Most are native to South, Central, and North America, but there are also some from Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Luronium natans is a species of aquatic plant commonly known as the floating water-plantain. It is the only recognized species in the genus Luronium, native to western and central Europe, from Spain to Britain to Norway east to Ukraine.
Sagittaria fasciculata, the bunched arrowhead is a plant found in wetlands. This plant produces edible tubers that were heavily collected by the Native Americans as a food source. STATUS: Endangered, Federal Register, July 25, 1979
The lacy elimia also known as the lacey elimia, scientific name Elimia crenatella, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.
Fusconaia escambia, the narrow pigtoe, is a freshwater bivalve mussel found in Alabama and northwestern Florida. The narrow pigtoe was first discovered in the Escambia River in Alabama and Florida.
Obovaria retusa is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Its common names include golf stick pearly mussel
The rough hornsnail, scientific name Pleurocera foremani, is a rare species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.
Eugenia haematocarpa is a rare species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Puerto Rico. It is classified as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and there has been a plan for its recovery in place for some years. Its common names include uvillo and Luquillo Mountain stopper.
Sagittaria montevidensis is a species of flowering plant in the water-plantain family Alismataceae. Common names include giant arrowhead and California arrowhead.
Sagittaria cuneata is a species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common name arumleaf arrowhead or duck potato. Like some other Sagittaria species, it may be called wapato. It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada as well as the western and northeastern United States.
Sagittaria longiloba is a species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common name longbarb arrowhead and Gregg arrowhead. It is native to the south-central and southwestern United States plus Mexico, Venezuela and Nicaragua. It is also reportedly naturalized in the western Himalayas of India and Bhutan. It grows in slow-moving, stagnant, and ephemeral water bodies such as ponds and small streams, and sometimes disturbed and cultivated habitat such as rice fields and irrigation ditches.
Sagittaria sanfordii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common names valley arrowhead and Sanford's arrowhead that is endemic to California, where it is known from a few scattered occurrences on the North Coast and in the Central Valley. Many occurrences previously noted in the Central Valley and in southern California have been extirpated as the plant's aquatic habitat has been lost to human activity.
Astragalus holmgreniorum is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names Holmgren milk-vetch and paradox milk-vetch. It is native to a tiny section of desert shrub woodland on the border between Utah and Arizona, in the far northern Mojave Desert. There are six populations remaining. It is a federally listed endangered species.
Clematis morefieldii is a rare species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names Morefield's leather flower and Huntsville vasevine.
Clematis socialis is a rare species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name Alabama leather flower. It is native to the US states of Alabama and Georgia, where it is known from only five populations. The species is seriously threatened by habitat destruction. It is a federally listed endangered species.
Potamogeton clystocarpus is a rare species of flowering plant in the pondweed family known by the common name Little Aguja pondweed. It is endemic to Texas in the United States, where it is known only from one river canyon in Jeff Davis County. There is a single population of the aquatic plant in Little Aguja Creek, and it has never been seen anywhere else. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
The Ash Meadows naucorid, Ambrysus amargosus, are small insects of the Naucoridae family. They were first identified by Ira La Rivers in 1953. They live in the waters of Point of Rocks Springs, in the east-central region of Ash Meadows in Nye County, Nevada. Because of changes to their habitat, this species lives only in a few small stream channels. Scientific over-collection and introduced predatory fish are the main threats to these insects. They are the first species to be listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). They are also currently protected under the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR)
Sagittaria teres, the quill-leaved arrowhead or slender arrowhead, is an aquatic plant species in the genus Sagittaria native to the northeastern United States: Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and New Jersey.
Sagittaria brevirostra, common name Midwestern arrowhead or shortbeak arrowhead, is an aquatic plant species native to North America. It is common in wet places in an area stretching from Michigan and Ohio south to Alabama and west to North Dakota, Colorado and northern New Mexico, plus isolated populations in Maryland, New Brunswick, Virginia, Saskatchewan and California.
Sagittaria subulata, the awl-leaf arrowhead, narrow-leaved arrowhead or dwarf sagittaria, is an aquatic plant species that grows primarily in shallow brackish water along the seacoast, in marshes, estuaries, etc. It is native to the Colombia, Venezuela, and every US state along the coast from Massachusetts to Louisiana. It has also been reported as naturalized in Great Britain on just three occasions; only one of these is recent and it appears to have become extinct by 2010. It is also recorded as a non-native on the Azores, and on the Island of Java in Indonesia.
