Samar crow | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Corvidae |
Genus: | Corvus |
Species: | C. samarensis |
Binomial name | |
Corvus samarensis Steere, 1890 | |
Synonyms | |
|
The Samar crow (Corvus samarensis), formerly known as the small crow, is a passerine bird in the genus Corvus of the family Corvidae. It endemic to the islands of Samar and Mindanao in the Philippines. Its natural habitats are primary tropical moist lowland forest. It is now extremely rare and likely endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
Described as a small and short tailed crow with bare facial skin and a distinctive whirring flight style found in pristine primary forests. Its call is described as a high pitched squeals not typical for a crow.
It is very similar to the Sierra Madre crow but it has a shorter and thinner bill, more intense black plumage and darker gray feathers on the base of its neck. It also differs in voice which is described as lower pitched and less squealing buzzing notes in comparison to the Sierra Madre crow. [1]
It was previously considered a subspecies of the Slender-billed crow (now Sunda crow), but phylogenetic evidence proved that the enter slender-billed crow species complex had multiple species and was split by the International Ornithologists' Union. This new species was recognized as the small crow, which contained two subspecies namely the Samar crow and the Sierra Madre crow, shortly after, these 2 subspecies were designated as their own distinct species. [2] [3]
The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. [4] However, the Samar crows on Mindanao have not been recorded since the 1980s and may possibly be extinct. Due to a lack of records, this could possibly have represented a subspecies or even distinct species. The lone recording of a Samar crow in Mindanao by Robert Kennedy revealed a lower pitched call compared to the Samar crows on Samar but as this is just a single recording and there have not been any records in almost 50 years, its distinctiveness as a species or subspecies cannot be proven. [5]
This species is poorly studied and not much is known about its ecology. It is typically observed in pairs or small family groups. Its believed to be omnivorous and has been observed feeding with other birds in fruiting trees. It also feeds on insects, small lizards and roadkill.
Nothing is known about its breeding habits but based on the studies of the closely related Sunda crow it is likely that it builds a bulky mass of twigs on a large tree. Average clutch size of the Sunda crow is 2 eggs and most of the incubation is done by the female. [6]
It is found in tropical moist lowland forest where it is extremely intolerant of any disturbance.
IUCN has yet to assess this bird but due to their preference for pristine forest, general rarity and lack of records in the past decades in Mindanao it is safe to assume that this bird is threatened. Deforestation through illegal logging and slash-and-burn continues across most of its remaining habitat. It is also believed to face interspecific competition from Large-billed crow which is more aggressive and adaptable to disturbed habitats.
Occurs in only one protected area in the Samar Island Natural Park but actual protection and enforcement from illegal logging and hunting are lax [7]
The Mindanao hornbill, also known as the Mindanao tarictic hornbill, is a medium-small species of hornbill found in the canopy of rainforests on Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan in the southern Philippines. All five Philippine tarictics were once considered a single species. Its population declining due to habitat destruction, hunting and the illegal wildlife trade.
The blue-backed parrot, also known as Müller's parrot and Burbridge's parrot is a large, endangered species of parrot endemic to the Philippines. It is found in tropical moist lowland forest but is now feared locally extinct in a large part of its range including Negros, Panay, Leyte, Luzon and Polilio. The only recent records are in Samar, Mindanao and Tawi-tawi. Flocks are small and often active at night. Its main threats are habitat loss and trapping for the pet trade.
The Samar hornbill is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in forests on the islands of Samar, Calicoan, Leyte and Bohol in the east-central Philippines. As is the case with all Philippine tarictic hornbills, it has been considered a subspecies of Visayan hornbill Alternatively, it is considered a subspecies of Mindanao hornbill.
The amethyst brown dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.
The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae that is endemic to the Philippines found in the islands of Luzon, Polillo Islands, Catanduanes, Basilan, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The black-bibbed cicadabird or black-bibbed cuckooshrike is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. The species is elusive and poorly known. This species has five subspecies that differ considerably in plummage, it is possible that this may actually be a species complex and consists of multiple species.
The Sunda crow, formerly known as the slender-billed crow, is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae, in the genus Corvus. It is found from Malaysia to Borneo. The violet crow has been shown to be distinct genetically and separated as Corvus violaceus. The small crow has been split as Corvus samarensis and the Palawan crow has also been split as Corvus pusillus.
The bicolored flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.
The buzzing flowerpecker or white-bellied flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest and or tropical moist montane forest.
The Visayan broadbill is a species of bird in the family Eurylaimidae where it was previously conspecific with the wattled broadbill. It is endemic to the islands of Samar, Leyte and Bohol in the central Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The celestial monarch is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae, and one of the most attractive of all the monarch flycatchers. It is identified as a turquoise blue bird with a long and spectacular cerulean blue crest and large greenish-yellow wattle. It is endemic to the Philippines with its extant range being in Luzon, Samar, Mindanao Tawi-Tawi and Basilan and it being possibly extinct on Negros and Sibuyan Island.Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests up to 750 masl. There is an unverified report of this bird in 2024 in Leyte. It is one of the most sought after birds by birdwatchers in the Philippines and in the world.
The short-crested monarch is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae and one of the most attractive of all the monarch flycatchers. It is a brilliant ultramarine blue bird with the males having a black facial markings with an electric blue eyering and a short crest contrasted with a pearly white belly. It is endemic to the Philippines found on the islands of Luzon, Camiguin Norte, Polilio, Catanduanes, Samar, Dinagat and Mindanao. It is found in tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. Along with the Celestial monarch, It is one of the most sought after birds among birdwatchers.
The white-browed jungle flycatcher, also known as the Luzon jungle-flycatcher and the Rusty-flanked jungle-flycatcher, is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to Luzon island, in the Philippines. The natural habitat of the white-browed jungle flycatcher is tropical moist montane forests of the Cordillera Mountain Range and possibly Sierra Madre Mountains. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The southern sooty woodpecker is a bird in the family Picidae. It is endemic to the Philippines on the islands of Mindanao, Leyte, and Samar. Its natural habitat is It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Palawan crow is a Passerine bird of the family Corvidae, in the genus Corvus. It was previously considered a subspecies of the slender-billed crow, but phylogenetic evidence indicates that both are distinct species, and it has thus been split by the International Ornithologists' Union.
The fire-throated flowerpecker is a species of bird in the flowerpecker family Dicaeidae that is found in the Philippines except on the islands of Mindoro, the Palawan group and the Sulu Archipelago. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the fire-breasted flowerpecker.
The Sierra Madre crow is a passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae that is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the Samar crow with the combined taxa known as the small crow. Its natural habitats are primary tropical moist lowland forest. It is now extremely rare and likely endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
The Philippine jungle crow is a species of crow endemic to the Philippines. It is a generalist and found across a wide range of habitats including near human settlements. It was formerly as subspecies of the Large-billed crow but has now been designated as a distinct species.
The Mindanao cuckooshrike is a passerine bird in the family Campephagidae that is found only in the Philippines on the islands of Bohol, Samar, Leyte, Mindanao and Basilan. The species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the bar-bellied cuckooshrike.
IOC has already split Sierra Madre Crow from Samar Crow. But Samar Crow includes 'Mindanao Crow', a bird that is almost unknown to science and hasn't been recorded for decades. It may well be extinct.