Sunda crow

Last updated

Sunda crow
Corvus enca celebensis.JPG
Near Tomohon, Indonesia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Corvidae
Genus: Corvus
Species:
C. enca
Binomial name
Corvus enca
(Horsfield, 1821) [2]
Synonyms

The Sunda crow (Corvus enca), formerly known as the slender-billed crow, is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae, in the genus Corvus. It is found from Malaysia to Borneo. The violet crow has been shown to be distinct genetically and separated as Corvus violaceus. [3] The small crow has been split as Corvus samarensis and the Palawan crow has also been split as Corvus pusillus. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

The Sunda crow was formally described in 1821 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected on the Indonesian island of Java. He coined the binomial name Fregilus enca. [5] [6] The specific epithet enca is a Javanese word for a crow. [7]

Two subspecies are recognised: [8]

Former subspecies now treated as separate species: [8]

Habitat and diet

It is found throughout Maritime Southeast Asia (Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines) and Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest. It eats fish and shrimp. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-vented bulbul</span> Species of bird

The yellow-vented bulbul, or eastern yellow-vented bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is a resident breeder in southeastern Asia from Indochina to the Philippines. It is found in a wide variety of open habitats but not the deep forest. It is one of the most common birds in cultivated areas. They appear to be nomadic and roam from place to place regularly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aberrant bush warbler</span> Species of bird

The aberrant bush warbler is a species in the bush warbler family, Cettiidae. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-breasted malkoha</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-breasted malkoha is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. Found in Southeast Asia from Myanmar through to eastern Java, the Philippines and Borneo, it is a large cuckoo measuring up to 49 cm (19 in) with grey and dark green upperparts and chestnut underparts, and a large curved pale upper mandible. The male and female are similar in plumage. Unlike many cuckoos, it builds its nest and raises its own young.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-spotted bulbul</span> Species of songbird

The orange-spotted bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is endemic to Java, Bali and Sumatra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olive-winged bulbul</span> Species of bird

The olive-winged bulbul is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in south-eastern Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asian glossy starling</span> Species of bird

The Asian glossy starling is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan (introduced), Cambodia and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest. There is also a huge number of this species inhabiting towns and cities, where they take refuge in abandoned buildings and trees. They often move in large groups and are considered one of the noisiest species of birds. In the Philippines, it is known as kulansiyang, galansiyang, or kuling-dagat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Javan frogmouth</span> Species of bird

The Javan frogmouth, sometimes known as Horsfield's frogmouth, is a species of bird in the family Podargidae. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the Blyth's and Palawan frogmouths. Found in Southeast Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines, it lives in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oriental cuckooshrike</span> Species of bird

The Oriental cuckooshrike is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is widely distributed from the Himalayas through Southeast Asia to east China and Taiwan. It is also found on the islands of Java and Bali in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. The range of this species was formerly restricted to Java and Bali and had the English name "Javan cuckooshrike".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snowy-browed flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The snowy-browed flycatcher is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunda laughingthrush</span> Species of bird

The Sunda laughingthrush is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dark-throated oriole</span> Species of bird

The dark-throated oriole is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Javan scimitar babbler</span> Species of bird

The Javan scimitar babbler is a species of bird in the family Timaliidae. It is endemic to Java, Indonesia. The Sunda scimitar babbler, which is found in Sumatra, Borneo, and Malaysia, was formerly considered conspecific, with both species being grouped as the chestnut-backed scimitar babbler. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunda pygmy woodpecker</span> Species of bird

The Sunda pygmy woodpecker, also known as the Sunda woodpecker, is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Some taxonomic authorities continue to place this species in the genus Dendrocopos or Picoides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-and-buff woodpecker</span> Species of bird

The grey-and-buff woodpecker is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, southern Myanmar, and southern Thailand, but has become regionally extinct in Singapore. Its natural habitats are lowland and montane tropical or subtropical moist broadleaf forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunda leopard cat</span> Small wild cat

The Sunda leopard cat is a small wild cat species native to the Sundaland islands of Java, Bali, Borneo, Sumatra and the Philippines that is considered distinct from the leopard cat occurring in mainland South and Southeast Asia.

The Samar crow, formerly known as the small crow, is a passerine bird in the genus Corvus of the family Corvidae. It endemic to the islands of Samar and Mindanao in the Philippines. Its natural habitats are primary tropical moist lowland forest. It is now extremely rare and likely endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palawan crow</span> Species of bird

The Palawan crow is a Passerine bird of the family Corvidae, in the genus Corvus. It was previously considered a subspecies of the slender-billed crow, but phylogenetic evidence indicates that both are distinct species, and it has thus been split by the International Ornithologists' Union.

The Sierra Madre crow is a passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae that is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the Samar crow with the combined taxa known as the small crow. Its natural habitats are primary tropical moist lowland forest. It is now extremely rare and likely endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sundaic island thrush</span> Species of bird

The Sundaic island thrush, also known as the Sunda island thrush, is a species of passerine in the family Turdidae. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. Prior to 2024, the Sundaic island thrush was considered to be eight separate subspecies of the island thrush. It has the largest distribution in the island thrush complex, ranging from northern Sumatra south to Java, with a disjunct population in northern Borneo.

References

  1. BirdLife International. (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Corvus enca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T103727499A118785292. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103727499A118785292.en . Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  2. Horsfield, 1821. Fregilus Enca (protonym). Trans. Linn. Soc. London, (1), 13, p. 164. BHL
  3. Jønsson, Knud A.; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Irestedt, Martin (2012). "Brains, tools, innovation and biogeography in crows and ravens". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 72. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12...72J. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-72 . PMC   3480872 . PMID   22642364.
  4. "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List" . Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  5. Horsfield, Thomas (1821). "Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java". Transactions of the Linnean Society. 13 (1): 133–200 [164].
  6. Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 264.
  7. Jobling, James A. "enca". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  8. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  9. Eddy, S.; Mutiara, D.; Mediswati, R.Y.T.; Rahman, R.G.; Milantara, N.; Basyuni, M. (2021). "Short communication: Diversity of bird species in Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 22 (12). doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d221206 .