Sunda crow

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Sunda crow
Slender-billed Crow - Meru Bethiri - East Java MG 7262 (29809253805) (cropped).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Corvidae
Genus: Corvus
Species:
C. enca
Binomial name
Corvus enca
(Horsfield, 1821) [2]
Synonyms

The Sunda crow (Corvus enca) is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae that is found in South-East Asia, from Malaysia to Borneo. The Sunda crow is part of the Corvus enca species complex, which was formerly treated as a single species and known as the slender-billed crow. The complex is now treated as five species, after four subspecies were split off as distinct species: the Samar crow or small crow (Corvus samarensis), the Palawan crow (Corvus pusillus), the Sulawesi crow (Corvus celebensis) and the Sierra Madre crow (Corvus sierramadrensis). [3] The violet crow was also once included, but has been shown to be distinct genetically and separated as Corvus violaceus. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

Corvus enca was formally described in 1821 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected on the Indonesian island of Java. He coined the binomial name Fregilus enca. [5] [6] The specific epithet enca is a Javanese word for a crow. [7]

Corvus enca is part of a species complex, which was previously treated as a single species with six subspecies, then known of as the slender-billed crow. Four of those subspecies are now treated as a separate species: [8]

The remaining two subspecies are recognised as subspecies of the Sunda crow: [8]

In earlier treatments, the Banggai Crow (Corvus unicolor) and the Violet Crow (Corvus violaceus) were also included in Corvus enca. [9]

Habitat and diet

It is found throughout Maritime Southeast Asia (Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines) and Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest. It eats fish and shrimp. [10]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International. (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Corvus enca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T103727499A118785292. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103727499A118785292.en . Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  2. ↑ Horsfield, 1821. Fregilus Enca (protonym). Trans. Linn. Soc. London, (1), 13, p. 164. BHL
  3. ↑ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List" . Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  4. ↑ Jønsson, Knud A.; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Irestedt, Martin (2012). "Brains, tools, innovation and biogeography in crows and ravens". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 72. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12...72J. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-72 . PMC   3480872 . PMID   22642364.
  5. ↑ Horsfield, Thomas (1821). "Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java". Transactions of the Linnean Society. 13 (1): 133–200 [164].
  6. ↑ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 264.
  7. ↑ Jobling, James A. "enca". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  8. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  9. ↑ "Slender-billed Crow". Birds of the World Online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  10. ↑ Eddy, S.; Mutiara, D.; Mediswati, R.Y.T.; Rahman, R.G.; Milantara, N.; Basyuni, M. (2021). "Short communication: Diversity of bird species in Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 22 (12). doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d221206 .
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