Saturday Night Live (season 1)

Saturday Night Live
Season 1
Starring	Dan Aykroyd John Belushi Chevy Chase George Coe Jane Curtin Garrett Morris Laraine Newman Michael O'Donoghue Gilda Radner
No. of episodes	24
Release
Original network	NBC
Original release	October 11, 1975 (1975-10-11) – July 31, 1976 (1976-07-31)
Season chronology
Next → Season 2
List of episodes

The first season of Saturday Night Live (then known as NBC's Saturday Night to avoid confusion with the similarly named variety show hosted by Howard Cosell), an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on NBC from October 11, 1975, to July 31, 1976. The show served as a vehicle that launched to stardom the careers of a number of major comedians and actors, including Chevy Chase, John Belushi, and Dan Aykroyd.

History

In 1974, NBC Tonight Show host Johnny Carson asked that the weekend broadcasts of "Best of Carson" (officially known as The Weekend Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson) come to an end (The Tonight Show was a 90-minute program at the time), so he could take two weeknights off; NBC would thus air those repeats on those nights rather than feed them to affiliates for broadcast on either Saturdays or Sundays. Given Johnny Carson's undisputed status as the king of late-night television, NBC heard his request as an ultimatum, fearing he might use the issue as grounds to defect to either ABC or CBS. To fill the gap, the network drew up some ideas and brought in Dick Ebersol – a protégé of legendary ABC Sports president Roone Arledge – to develop a 90-minute late-night variety show. Dick Ebersol's first order of business was hiring a young Canadian producer named Lorne Michaels to be the show-runner. ^[1]

Television production in New York was already in decline in the mid-1970s (The Tonight Show had departed for Los Angeles two years prior), so NBC decided to base the show at their studios in Rockefeller Center to offset the overhead of maintaining those facilities. Lorne Michaels was given Studio 8H, a converted radio studio that prior to that point was most famous for having hosted Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra from 1937 to 1951, but was being used largely for network election coverage by the mid-1970s. ^[2]

When the first show aired on October 11, 1975, with George Carlin as its host, it was called NBC's Saturday Night because ABC featured a program at the same time titled Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell . After ABC cancelled the Cosell program in 1976, the NBC program changed its name to Saturday Night Live, starting with the 17th episode of the second season  –the episode hosted by Jack Burns on March 26, 1977 (and subsequently picked up Bill Murray from Cosell's show in 1977, as well). Every night, Don Pardo introduced the cast, a job he would hold for 39 years until his death in 2014.

The original concept was for a comedy-variety show featuring young comedians, live musical performances, short films by Albert Brooks and segments by Jim Henson featuring atypically adult and abstract characters from The Muppets world. Rather than have one permanent host, Lorne Michaels elected to have a different guest host each week. The first episode featured two musical guests (Billy Preston and Janis Ian), and the second episode, hosted by Paul Simon on October 18, was almost entirely a musical variety show with various acts. The Not Ready for Prime Time Players did not appear in this episode at all, other than as the bees with Paul Simon telling them they were cancelled, and Chevy Chase in the opening and in "Weekend Update". Over the course of Season 1, sketch comedy would begin to dominate the show and SNL would more closely resemble its current format.

Andy Kaufman made several appearances over the season, while The Muppets' Land of Gorch bits were essentially cancelled after episode 10, although the associated Muppet characters still made sporadic appearances after that. After one final appearance at the start of season two, the Muppet characters were permanently dropped from SNL.

During the season, Lorne Michaels appeared on-camera three times, the first being on January 10, when during Elliot Gould's monologue in a sketch, the camera appears to malfunction and Michaels is introduced as a co-producer. On April 24 and May 22, he makes an offer to The Beatles to reunite on the show. In the second appearance, he offered a certified check of $3,000. In the third appearance, he increased his offer to $3,200 and free hotel accommodations. John Lennon and Paul McCartney later both admitted they had been watching SNL from Lennon's apartment on May 8 (the episode after Lorne Michaels' first offer) and briefly toyed with actually going down to the studio, but decided to stay in the apartment because they were too tired. ^{[3] [4]}

Cast

Changes and notes

The first cast member hired was Gilda Radner. ^[5] The rest of the cast included fellow Second City alumni Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi, as well as National Lampoon "Lemmings" alumnus Chevy Chase (whose trademark became his usual falls and opening spiel that cued the show's opening) who was chosen as anchor for Weekend Update, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, and Groundlings alumna Laraine Newman. The original head writer was Michael O'Donoghue, a writer at National Lampoon who had worked alongside several cast members while directing The National Lampoon Radio Hour . The original theme music was written by future Academy Award–winning composer Howard Shore, who – along with his band (occasionally billed as the "All Nurse Band" or "Band of Angels") – was the original band leader on the show. ^[6] Paul Shaffer, who would go on to lead David Letterman's band on Late Night and then The Late Show, was also band leader in the early years.

Much of the talent pool involved in the inaugural season was recruited from the National Lampoon Radio Hour , a nationally syndicated comedy series that often satirized current events.

This would be the only season for George Coe and Michael O'Donoghue as official cast members. While George Coe was billed only in the premiere, he was seen in various small roles through the season before leaving the show altogether. Michael O'Donoghue was credited through the (first) Candice Bergen episode and would continue to work for the show as a writer, as well as an occasionally featured performer (particularly as "Mr. Mike"), through season 5.

Cast roster

The Not Ready for Prime Time Players

• Dan Aykroyd
• John Belushi
• Chevy Chase
• George Coe (only episode: October 11, 1975)
• Jane Curtin
• Garrett Morris
• Laraine Newman
• Michael O'Donoghue (final episode: November 8, 1975)
• Gilda Radner

Bold denotes Weekend Update anchor

Writers

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live writers § Season 1

The original writing staff included Anne Beatts, Chevy Chase, Tom Davis, Al Franken, Lorne Michaels, Marilyn Suzanne Miller, Michael O'Donoghue, Herb Sargent, Tom Schiller, Rosie Shuster and Alan Zweibel. The head writers were Lorne Michaels and Michael O'Donoghue.

Episodes

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live episodes

No. overall	No. in season	Host	Musical guest(s)	Original air date
1	1	George Carlin	Billy Preston & Janis Ian	October 11, 1975 (1975-10-11)
Billy Preston performs "Nothing from Nothing" [7] and "Fancy Lady". Janis Ian performs "At Seventeen" [7] and "In the Winter". The cold open features John Belushi as a foreign man learning English being taught by writer Michael O'Donoghue. Following this sketch, Chevy Chase appeared with a headset on and bellows the first "Live From New York, It's Saturday Night!" During the opening credits, announcer Don Pardo misspeaks and calls the Not Ready for Primetime Players "the Not for Ready Primetime Players". As host, George Carlin performs stand-up, introduced the musical guests and conducted the goodnight segment. Carlin performed three monologues, including "Baseball-Football". According to the book Live from New York, Carlin did not participate in any sketches because he was completely stoned. Although according to Laraine Newman during an interview with the Archive of American Television, Carlin was set to appear in a sketch about Alexander the Great's high school reunion but it was cut at the last minute, after dress rehearsal. Andy Kaufman appears in a segment consisting of him playing the Mighty Mouse theme on a record player, standing silent during the verses of the song and miming along with the choruses. Valri Bromfield makes a guest appearance. Jacqueline Carlin appeared as the mother in the "New Dad Insurance" sketch and as the woman with a book in the "Academy of Better Careers" sketch. Wendy Craig appeared as the salesman in the "Academy of Better Careers" sketch. Richard Belzer (the show's warm-up comedian), writer Tom Davis and talent coordinator Neil Levy appear as jurors in the "Courtroom" sketch. Sketches include the Bees; the Albert Brooks film, "The Impossible Truth"; "Trojan Horse Home Security"; "Triple-Trac"; and The Land of Gorch , with Jim Henson, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson, Rhonda Hansome, and Alice Tweedy. Paul Simon appears to promote his appearance as host the following week. Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael O'Donoghue, and Gilda Radner's first episode as cast members George Coe's only episode as a cast member. The sketches in this episode are very short with each lasting an average of 2 minutes.
2	2	Paul Simon	Randy Newman, Phoebe Snow, Art Garfunkel & Jessy Dixon Singers	October 18, 1975 (1975-10-18)
Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel performs "The Boxer," "Scarborough Fair" and "My Little Town". [7] Paul Simon also performs "Still Crazy After All These Years", "Marie" [7] "American Tune" [7] solo, "Loves Me Like a Rock" with the Jessy Dixon Singers and "Gone at Last" [7] with Phoebe Snow and the Jessy Dixon Singers. Art Garfunkel performed "I Only Have Eyes for You". [7] Simon's "Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard" is heard on Weekend Update during the one-on-one game between Hawkins and Simon. Randy Newman performs "Sail Away". [7] Phoebe Snow performed "No Regrets". [7] The episode features an Albert Brooks's film about failed Candid Camera stunts and home movies. Since this was a music-heavy show, the Not Ready for Primetime Players appeared only once, as the Bees, when Paul Simon informs them their sketch has been cut. Chevy Chase appears at the end of Paul Simon's performance of "Still Crazy ..." to say "Live from New York ..." and also appears to anchor Weekend Update. First episode to feature Chevy Chase doing a pratfall. Connie Hawkins and Marv Albert appear on Weekend Update. Jerry Rubin appeared in the "Up Against the Wallpaper" sketch. Bill Bradley appeared in the goodnights.
3	3	Rob Reiner	none	October 25, 1975 (1975-10-25)
In lieu of a musical guest, John Belushi performs "With a Little Help from My Friends" [7] while impersonating Joe Cocker. Jim Henson, Richard Hunt, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson and Alice Tweedy perform in a "The Land of Gorch" sketch. Future cast member Denny Dillon appeared as a special guest with Mark Hampton in a sketch as nuns running a parish talent show. Jacqueline Carlin appeared as a swimmer in the "Golden Needles" sketch. Tom Schiller appeared as the priest in the "Wrigley's Gum" sketch and as one of the Bees. Penny Marshall appeared in the "Fashion Show," "Hoe-Down," and "the Bees" sketches. The Lockers and comedian Andy Kaufman make guest appearances. George Coe appears in the "Golden Needles" sketch. First appearance of the "News for the Hard of Hearing". The episode features an Albert Brooks film about heart surgery. This episode initially ended without goodnights or credits. Future airings of this episode would add credits over the photo montage seen during the title sequence.
4	4	Candice Bergen	Esther Phillips	November 8, 1975 (1975-11-08)
Esther Phillips performs "What a Diff'rence a Day Made" and "I Can Stand a Little Rain". [7] Andy Kaufman debuts his Foreign Man character on the show. Andrew Duncan and Jacqueline Carlin make cameo appearances. The episode features an Albert Brooks film, "upcoming season". Sketches include "Landshark" and "The Land of Gorch," featuring Jim Henson, Jerry Nelson and Frank Oz performing their characters. This was the first appearance of the Land Shark character. [8] A live commercial for Polaroid, with Candice Bergen and Chevy Chase, airs during the show. Chevy Chase impersonates President Gerald Ford. Only Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael O'Donoghue, and Gilda Radner were credited for this episode due to a malfunction in the control room. First episode in which the cast appears with the host during the goodnights. The "Good Evening, I'm Chevy Chase and you're not" greeting debuts on Weekend Update. Michael O'Donoghue's final episode as a cast member.
5	5	Robert Klein	ABBA & Loudon Wainwright III	November 15, 1975 (1975-11-15)
ABBA performs "SOS" and "Waterloo". [7] For both of their performances, ABBA lip-synced to a prerecorded track. In a joke subtitle, it is explained this is because their "tapes didn't arrive from Sweden". Loudon Wainwright III performs "Bicentennial" and "Unrequited to the Nth Degree". [7] Robert Klein performs "I Can't Stop My Leg" with the Saturday Night Live Band, co-written with Paul Shaffer and Howard Shore. Chevy Chase impersonates rock star Gregg Allman with Lorne Michaels (in his first appearance on the show, albeit in voice over) asking about Allman's love life. George Coe makes a guest appearance. Jim Henson, Richard Hunt, Jerry Nelson, Frank Oz, Alice Tweedy, and Fran Brill perform in a "The Land of Gorch" sketch. Laraine Newman debuts her character Sherry. First appearance of Emily Litella.
6	6	Lily Tomlin	Tomlin with Howard Shore & the All Nurse Band	November 22, 1975 (1975-11-22)
Lily Tomlin performs "St. James Infirmary Blues," [7] "Bee Bop" and "I Got You Babe" [7] with Scred and The Muppets.
7	7	Richard Pryor	Gil Scott-Heron	December 13, 1975 (1975-12-13)
Gil Scott-Heron performs "Johannesburg" and "A Lovely Day". [7] Thalmus Rasulala appeared as one of the priests in the "Exorcist II" sketch. Annazette Chase appears as Polly in the "Black & White" sketch. At Richard Pryor's insistence, his ex-wife Shelley Pryor and Kathrine McKee, his then-current girlfriend make cameo appearances. [9] Sketches include "Samurai Futaba," "The Land of Gorch" and an Albert Brooks's film, "sick". This was the first appearance of John Belushi's Samurai character. [10] The episode introduces the recurring catchphrase "Generalissimo Francisco Franco is still dead" during Weekend Update. At Richard Pryor's insistence Paul Mooney was hired as a writer [9] Mooney wrote some of Pryor's routines, including the "Racist Word Association Interview".[ citation needed ] The show was broadcast on a seven-second delay. [11] First episode in which someone other than Chase says, "Live from New York ...", in this case, Garrett Morris says it, since Pryor is the first African-American to host.
8	8	Candice Bergen	Martha Reeves & The Stylistics	December 20, 1975 (1975-12-20)
Martha Reeves performs "(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher" [7] and "Silver Bells". The Stylistics performed the song "You Make Me Feel Brand New". [7] Candice Bergen appeared in "The Land of Gorch" sketch where she attends King Ploobis's Christmas party while the guests that he had invited are attending the Killer Bees' Christmas party. Bergen performed the song "Winter Wonderland" with the cast. A live commercial for Polaroid, featuring Candice Bergen and John Belushi airs during the show. Contains the Mel's Char Palace sketch. Maggie Kuhn makes a cameo appearance. With this episode, Bergen becomes the first to host the show more than once.
9	9	Elliott Gould	Anne Murray	January 10, 1976 (1976-01-10)
Anne Murray performs the songs "The Call" and "Blue Finger Lou". [7] The episode features an Albert Brooks film, Audience Test Screenings. Other sketches include "Interior Demolitionists" and a Shimmer commercial parody. Paula Kahn makes a cameo appearance. Jim Henson, Jerry Nelson, Frank Oz and Alice Tweedy perform their characters in "The Land of Gorch". The episode was submitted for the Emmy Award consideration and won SNL its first Emmy in 1977. [12] Lorne Michaels appears on camera for the first time in the series during a "Killer Bees" sketch gone wrong. Director Dave Wilson also appears during the same sketch. At the end of the episode, Wilson's name is jokingly crossed off in the credits after he gets "fired" by Michaels.
10	10	Buck Henry	Bill Withers & Toni Basil	January 17, 1976 (1976-01-17)
Bill Withers performs "Ain't No Sunshine". [7] Toni Basil performs "Wham". [7] Jerry Nelson and Alice Tweedy perform their characters in "The Land of Gorch". The Blues Brothers, (in their first appearance) in the Bees costumes, perform "I'm a King Bee" with Howard Shore and His All-Bee Band. The episode features a Saturday Night Live Samurai sketch, "Samurai Delicatessen". Buck Henry premieres his recurring character, Mr. Dantley. This episode re-aired on January 18th, 2020, as a tribute to Buck Henry, who had died 10 days earlier on January 8th.
11	11	Peter Cook & Dudley Moore	Neil Sedaka	January 24, 1976 (1976-01-24)
Neil Sedaka performs "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" and "Lonely Night". [7] Scred from "The Land of Gorch" appeared in a bee costume hoping to play Aunt Bee in a Bees version of The Andy Griffith Show (to loud groans from the audience), only to be told by Gilda Radner that the sketch was canceled. Scred joins Gilda in introducing Neil Sedaka. This opening montage is the first in which announcer Don Pardo reads aloud the names of the "Not Ready for Primetime Players". In the opening monologue, Cook and Moore perform their classic routine, One Leg Too Few. The episode features the sketch, "Lifer Follies," auditions in a prison warden's office for an upcoming inmate talent show, which includes Garrett Morris' "Shotgun" song. George Coe appears in the cold open and plays the warden in the "Lifer Follies" sketch.
12	12	Dick Cavett	Jimmy Cliff	January 31, 1976 (1976-01-31)
Jimmy Cliff performs "The Harder They Come," "Many Rivers to Cross" and "Wahjahka Man". [7] Humorist Marshall Efron and Al Alen Petersen make cameo appearances. At the end of the third "Lowell Brock" sketch, Lorne Michaels can be seen playing a prank on John Belushi tying his shoelaces together. When Belushi realizes the prank, over the applause, he is barely heard muttering, "What the fuck? Goddamn!"
13	13	Peter Boyle	Al Jarreau	February 14, 1976 (1976-02-14)
Al Jarreau performs "We Got By" and "Pretty as a Picture". [7] The Shapiro Sisters dance and lip-sync to the song "This Will Be". One of the sisters, Jenny, also appeared in the "Samurai Divorce Court" sketch. Steven Spielberg makes an appearance in the audience while Peter Boyle sings a love song to his "wife".
14	14	Desi Arnaz	Desi Arnaz & Desi Arnaz, Jr.	February 21, 1976 (1976-02-21)
Desi Arnaz and his son performs "Cuban Pete" and "Babalu". [7] Gary Weis introduces his short film featuring Taylor Mead and his cat. The show ends with Arnaz leading the cast, crew, and audience in a conga line.
15	15	Jill Clayburgh	Leon Redbone & The Idlers	February 28, 1976 (1976-02-28)
Leon Redbone performs "Ain't Misbehavin'" and "Big Time Woman". [7] A cappella group The Idlers and comedian Andy Kaufman make cameo appearances. Host Jill Clayburgh appeared with these guests. Photographer and video artist William Wegman appeared with his dog in Gary Weis' filmed piece. Lorne Michaels appears during the cold open. The first appearance of Mister Bill, [13] in response to the show's request for home movies.
16	16	Anthony Perkins	Betty Carter	March 13, 1976 (1976-03-13)
Betty Carter performs "Music Maestro, Please / Swing Brother Swing" and "I Can't Help It". [7] King Ploobis and Scred from "The Land of Gorch" approach Anthony Perkins for help to get their sketch back on the air. Chuck Scarborough and George Plimpton appear in the studio audience. Starting with this episode, all cast members (The Not Ready for Primetime Players) are credited individually. Previously, they were only credited as a list of names.
17	17	Ron Nessen	Patti Smith	April 17, 1976 (1976-04-17)
Patti Smith Group performs "Gloria" and "My Generation". [7] President Gerald Ford appeared in a filmed segment during the cold opening where he opens the show with "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!" after Chevy Chase's signature pratfall. He also appeared in filmed segments during the monologue (where he introduces the host) and during Weekend Update (where, following Chevy Chase's signature line "I'm Chevy Chase and you're not", he says "I'm Gerald Ford and you're not"). Contains the Super Bass-O-Matic '76 sketch. Billy Crystal (billed as Bill Crystal) performs a monologue, eight years before becoming an SNL cast member. Dan Aykroyd impersonates talk show host Tom Snyder. The episode features a short Gary Weis film on New York garbage men.
18	18	Raquel Welch	Phoebe Snow & John Sebastian	April 24, 1976 (1976-04-24)
Phoebe Snow performs "All Over" and "Two-Fisted Love". [7] John Sebastian performs "Welcome Back" [7] with John Belushi as Joe Cocker. Raquel Welch performs "Superstar" with John Belushi as Joe Cocker, as well as "It Ain't Necessarily So". Lorne Michaels appeared on air, offering the Beatles $3,000 to perform three songs. [14] The characters from "The Land of Gorch" face facts that they aren't welcome on the show anymore. First appearance of Gilda Radner as Baba Wawa. [15] Phoebe Snow becomes the first repeat musical guest.
19	19	Madeline Kahn	Carly Simon	May 8, 1976 (1976-05-08)
Carly Simon performs "Half a Chance/You're So Vain" [7] in a pre-taped segment with Chevy Chase playing cowbell. Scred and The Mighty Favog cut a deal with Chevy Chase to have Lorne Michaels renew their sketch in exchange that The Mighty Favog gets The Beatles to appear on the show.
20	20	Dyan Cannon	Leon and Mary Russell	May 15, 1976 (1976-05-15)
The episode begins with Chevy Chase lying down on home base near a folding table and chairs saying the opening spiel only to be informed by director Dave Wilson that he will have to redo the cold open (solo this time, as the other cast members were already changing costumes), because they went on the air a minute early. Leon and Mary Russell performs "Satisfy You" and "Daylight," [7] the latter of which featured John Belushi as Joe Cocker.
21	21	Buck Henry	Gordon Lightfoot & Garrett Morris	May 22, 1976 (1976-05-22)
Gordon Lightfoot performs "Summertime Dream" and "Spanish Moss". [7] A third song, "Sundown," is interrupted by John Belushi's Samurai. Lorne Michaels appears during the monologue and offers the Beatles $3,200 and free hotel accommodations to perform three songs. [14]
22	22	Elliott Gould	Leon Redbone, Harlan Collins & Joyce Everson	May 29, 1976 (1976-05-29)
Leon Redbone performs "Shine On, Harvest Moon" and "Walking Stick". [7] Harlan Collins & Joyce Everson performs "Heaven Only Knows". Akira Yoshimura and Doris Powell appear in "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise," a sketch written by Michael O'Donoghue, parodying the television series Star Trek . In the sketch, the crew of the Enterprise tries to deal with the show's cancellation.
23	23	Louise Lasser	Preservation Hall Jazz Band	July 24, 1976 (1976-07-24)
Preservation Hall Jazz Band performs "Panama". [7] In her monologue, Louise Lasser, who had been arrested on a drug charge the week before and was very difficult for the cast and writers to work with that week, pretends to have a bout of stage fright and lock herself in her dressing room. She had actually done the same thing in real life just before the beginning of the show; the cast was dividing her parts among themselves. Her self-indulgent behavior led Lorne Michaels to keep this episode out of syndication. [16] Michael Sarrazin makes a filmed cameo appearance. Jane Curtin, Laraine Newman and Gilda Radner perform "Cathode Ray Tube" as a '60's styled girl group. Lorne Michaels appears in the "Diner Sketch".
24	24	Kris Kristofferson	Rita Coolidge	July 31, 1976 (1976-07-31)
Rita Coolidge performs "Hula Hoop". [7] Host Kris Kristofferson performed the song "I've Got a Life of My Own". [7] Together, Kris Kristofferson and Rita Coolidge performed "Eddie the Eunuch". [7]

References

1. SNL's Beginnings from NBC
2. "Archives". Eyes Of A Generation...Television's Living History. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
3. This Day in Music Spotlight: Live from New York ... It's The Beatles!
4. "Paul McCartney On The Beatles Almost Reuniting On 'Saturday Night Live': ..."
5. Gilda Radner#Saturday Night Live
6. Tropiano, Stephen (November 1, 2013). Saturday Night Live FAQ: Everything Left to Know About Television's Longest Running Comedy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-4803-6686-2.
7. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  124–127. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
8. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  75–76. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
9. Henry, David; Henry, Joe (November 3, 2013). "Saturday Night Live and Richard Pryor: The untold story behind SNL's edgiest sketch ever". Salon . Retrieved February 22, 2015. Richard insisted that they hire Paul Mooney as his writer. His ex-wife, Shelley, and his new girlfriend, Kathy McKee, both had to be on the show.
10. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  78–80. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
11. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  264. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
12. Shales, Tom; James Andrew Miller (2002). Live From New York. Little, Brown and Company. p.  65. ISBN   0-316-78146-0.
13. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  81–84. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
14. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  117. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
15. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1994. pp.  88–90. ISBN   0-395-70895-8.
16. Hill, Doug; Weingrad, Jeff (2011). "14: When Do We Tape?". Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live. Untreed Reads. ISBN   9781611872187 . Retrieved May 1, 2015.