Cladia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. Cladia species have a crustose primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, Cladia aggregata, is widely distributed, occurring from South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere.
Menegazzia minuta is a rare species of foliose lichen that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It was scientifically described as a new species in 1987 by lichenologists Peter James and Gintaras Kantvilas. The type specimen was collected by the second author south of Arthur River, where the lichen was found in a rainforest growing on twigs of leatherwood. The species epithet minuta refers to the small size of its thallus. Menegazzia minuta contains protolichesterinic acid, a lichen product that helps to distinguish it from the similar species Menegazzia eperforata, which instead contains stictic acid and related compounds. In a 2012 publication, Kantvilas called M. minuta "one of Tasmania's rarest lichens", characterised by a "glossy olive-brown thallus of minute, spidery lobes, densely beset with lobule-like isidia".
Cladonia mongkolsukii is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Described as new to science in 2011, it is found in lower-elevation montane scrub forests of northeast Thailand and in Sri Lanka. The specific epithet honors Pachara Mongolsuk, a Thai lichenologist.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of multiple species: a fungus, one or more photobionts and sometimes a yeast. They are regularly grouped by their external appearance – a characteristic known as their growth form. This form, which is based on the appearance of vegetative part of the lichen, varies depending on the species and the environmental conditions it faces. Those who study lichens (lichenologists) have described a dozen of these forms: areolate, byssoid, calicioid, cladoniform, crustose, filamentous, foliose, fruticose, gelatinous, leprose, placoidioid and squamulose. Traditionally, crustose (flat), foliose (leafy) and fruticose (shrubby) are considered to be the three main forms. In addition to these more formalised, traditional growth types, there are a handful of informal types named for their resemblance to the lichens of specific genera. These include alectorioid, catapyrenioid, cetrarioid, hypogymnioid, parmelioid and usneoid.
Hertelidea is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Stereocaulaceae. Characteristics of the genus include carbon-black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruit body disc (apothecium), eight-spored, Micarea-type asci and mostly simple, hyaline ascospores that lack a transparent outer layer. Hertelidea species mostly grow on wood, although less frequently they are found on bark or soil. While the type species, Hertelidea botryosa, has a widespread distribution, most of the other species are found only in Australia.
Roccellinastrum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. It has seven species.
Schaereria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. Most Schaereria species are crustose lichens that live on rocks. Schaereria was first proposed by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855 and was later taken up by other lichenologists despite periods of disuse.
Megalospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Megalosporaceae.
Menegazzia subtestacea is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Tasmania (Australia), where it grows at high elevations on the twigs and young branches of alpine shrubs.
Menegazzia tarkinea is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in North West Tasmania (Australia).
Menegazzia bjerkeana is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in rainforests along the New South Wales-Queensland border, where it grows on the bark of southern beech trees.
Lichenomphalia tasmanica is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is found in Tasmania, Australia. It has a bright scaley thallus that grows like a green crust on rich soil between rocks. Occasionally. the lichen produces small, bright yellow-orange mushroom-like fruiting bodies.
Pulchrocladia retipora, most commonly known as the coral lichen, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found predominantly in Australasia, its habitats range from the Australian Capital Territory to New Zealand's North and South Islands, and even the Pacific region of New Caledonia, where it grows in coastal and alpine heathlands. The lichen features coral-like branches and subbranches with numerous intricate, netlike perforations. It is known by multiple names, with some sources referring to it by its synonym Cladia retipora, or the common name lace lichen.
Lecanora helmutii is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in Tasmania, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Sergio Pérez-Ortega and Gintaras Kantvilas. The type specimen was collected from the eastern side of Stanley Highway, where it was found growing on the bark of Banksia marginata in a coastal swampy woodland dominated by Melaleuca. It is only known from the type collection. Other associated lichens include Austroparmelina pseudorelicina, Bactropsora paludicola, Menegazzia subpertusa, Pannaria elixii, and Parmotrema perlatum. The species epithet honours Austrian lichenologist Helmut Mayrhofer.
Coenogonium atherospermatis is a species of lichen in the family Coenogoniaceae. Found in Tasmania, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists Gintaras Kantvilas, Eimy Rivas Plata, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author near Little Fisher River at an altitude of 820 m (2,690 ft), where it was found in a cool temperate rainforest growing on Atherosperma moschatum. It is locally abundant at this location, where it usually occurs at elevations of more than about 500 m (1,600 ft). The species epithet refers to the genus of the preferred host tree. Within Tasmanian rainforest vegetation, Atherosperma is known for harbouring "a distinctive suite of lichens", including C. atherospermatis.
Coenogonium australiense is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Coenogoniaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists Gintaras Kantvilas and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author near Little Fisher River (Tasmania) at an altitude of 880 m (2,890 ft), where it was found in a rainforest growing on Nothofagus cunninghamii. The species epithet australiense refers to its geographical distribution. In addition to Tasmania, the lichen has also been documented from New South Wales and Kangaroo Island. In the latter location it was found in remnant stands of coniferous woodland, where it was growing on the bark of old, fissured Callitris trunks.
Coenogonium urceolatum is a rare species of corticlous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Coenogoniaceae. Found in western Tasmania, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists Gintaras Kantvilas, Eimy Rivas Plata, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author near Piney Creek, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Zeehan, where it was found in a cool temperate rainforest, growing on an old, dry, shaded trunk of Nothofagus cunninghamii. It is only known from the type collection. The lichen has a pale greyish-greenish thallus lacking a prothallus. The species epithet refers to its characteristic small, urn-shaped, orange apothecia.
Megalaria hafellneriana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in Tasmania, Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas. The species epithet honours Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner, who circumscribed the genus Megalaria and, according to the author, "undertook some of the pioneering, albeit unpublished research on Australian species".
Catenarina vivasiana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the southernmost regions of South America, predominantly in Chile. Characterised by its dark reddish-brown thallus and unique chemistry, this lichen is named in honour of Spanish lichenologist Mercedes Vivas. It was formally described as a new species in 2014.
