Scythris epistrota

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Scythris epistrota
Scythris epistrota lectotype.jpg
Lectotype
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Scythrididae
Genus: Scythris
Species:
S. epistrota
Binomial name
Scythris epistrota
(Meyrick, 1889)
Synonyms [1]
  • Butalis epistrotaMeyrick, 1889
  • Elachista lacustrisPhilpott, 1930
  • Scythris lacustris(Philpott, 1930)

Scythris epistrota is a species of moth in the family Scythrididae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1889. [2] It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the South Island. The larvae have been found on species of New Zealand broom and they pupate within an irregularly shaped, dense, silken cocoon. Adults are day flying and are on the wing from November until February.

Contents

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1889 and named Butalis epistrota. [3] [1] Meyrick used specimens collected on the Port Hills in Christchurch and at Mount Arthur in January when first describing this species. [3] In 1928 George Hudson discussed this species in his book The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. [4] However John S. Dugdale pointed out that both the description and illustration given in that book by Hudson related to an undescribed species from Mount Arthur. [1] In 1930, thinking he was describing a new species, Alfred Philpott named this species Elachista laucstris. [5] Meyrick synonymised this name with S. epistrota in 1931. [6] Hudson confirmed this synonymy in 1939. [7] The male lectotype is held at the Natural History Museum, London. [1]

Description

Illustration of S. epistrota LEPI Scythrididae Scythris epistrota.png
Illustration of S. epistrota

Meyrick described this species as follows:

♂ ♀. 10–11mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and legs rather dark grey, slightly bronzy-tinged, generally somewhat sprinkled with whitish; antennal ciliations ½; abdomen in female whitish beneath. Forewings lanceolate; rather dark bronzy-grey, more or less densely strewn with whitish scales; in paler specimens there are indications of two very ill-defined inwardly oblique darker streaks on anterior half, more distinctly spotted with darker on fold, and two less perceptible outwardly oblique streaks on posterior half; an obscure round dark fuscous dot in disc at ¾: cilia pale bronzy-grey. Hindwings ⅔ grey; cilia 2, pale bronzy-grey. [3]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand. [8] Other than the type locality of the Port Hills near Christchurch, this species has been observed in Kaikōura, [7] near Lake Pukaki, [1] in Twizel, [9] and in Queenstown. [10]

Behaviour

The larvae emerge from their eggs during October to December. [11] The larvae pupate in an irregularly shaped, dense, silken cocoon. [7] [9] The adults of this species are day flying and are on the wing from November until February. [9] [12] [13] This species has been collected via hand collecting and Malaise trapping. [14]

Habitat and hosts

A species of Carmichaelia, a possible host of S. epistrota larvae. Carmichaelia arborea 176550926.jpg
A species of Carmichaelia, a possible host of S. epistrota larvae.

This species inhabits open grass country and shrubland. [4] Hudson stated in his book A supplement to the butterflies and moths of New Zealand that the larvae of S. epistrota on species of Carmichaelia at Clarence Bridge, near Kaikoura, in November. [7] This larval host was confirmed by Brian Patrick in 1994. [13]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. 14: 110. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN   0111-5383. Wikidata   Q45083134.
  2. ↑ Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia : chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 463. ISBN   978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC   973607714. OL   25288394M. Wikidata   Q45922947.
  3. 1 2 3 Edward Meyrick (May 1889). "Descriptions of New Zealand Micro-Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 21: 161. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q56065895.
  4. 1 2 George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington, p. 320, LCCN   88133764, OCLC   25449322, Wikidata   Q58593286 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ↑ Alfred Philpott (1930). "Descriptions of Lepidoptera in the Canterbury Museum". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3: 247–250. ISSN   0370-3878. Wikidata   Q117474618.
  6. ↑ Edward Meyrick (1931). "Notes on New Zealand Lepidoptera". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3: 367–369. ISSN   0370-3878. Wikidata   Q117474623.
  7. 1 2 3 4 George Vernon Hudson (1939), A supplement to the butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington, p. 459, OCLC   9742724, Wikidata   Q109420935 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ↑ "Scythris epistrota (Meyrick, 1889)". www.nzor.org.nz. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  9. 1 2 3 B. H. Patrick (January 1992). "Supplement to the Lepidoptera of the Mackenzie Country with recommendations on their conservation" (PDF). New Zealand Entomologist. 15 (1): 48–58. doi:10.1080/00779962.1992.9722629. ISSN   0077-9962. Wikidata   Q57483707. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013.
  10. ↑ Alfred Philpott (1917). "A list of the Lepidoptera of Otago". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 49: 195–238. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q63958657.
  11. ↑ Brian Patrick (1 December 2014). "Conservation status of five data deficient moth taxa: Epichorista lindsayi, "Cnephasia" paterna, Stathmopoda endotherma, Gymnobathra ambigua and Scythris "stripe"". The Wētā. 48: 15–34. ISSN   0111-7696. Wikidata   Q105343576.
  12. ↑ "Scythris epistrota (Meyrick, 1889)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  13. 1 2 Brian H. Patrick (1994), Coastal butterflies and moths of Wellington and South Wairarapa. (PDF), Wikidata   Q110426707, archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2021
  14. ↑ Tara J. Murray (15 September 2019). Invertebrates of the Tasman River Plain: Characteristics of the invertebrate community and an analysis of sampling methods for biodiversity assessment (PDF) (Report). New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 58. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
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