New Zealand broom | |
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North Island broom, Carmichaelia aligera | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Faboideae |
Clade: | Inverted repeat-lacking clade |
Tribe: | Galegeae |
Subtribe: | Astragalinae |
Genus: | Carmichaelia R.Br. [1] [2] |
Type species | |
Carmichaelia australis | |
Synonyms | |
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Carmichaelia (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, Carmichaelia exsul , is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably dispersed there from New Zealand. [3]
The formerly recognised genera Chordospartium, Corallospartium, Notospartium and Huttonella are now all included in Carmichaelia. [4] [5] The genera Carmichaelia, Clianthus (kakabeak), Montigena (scree pea) and Swainsona comprise the clade Carmichaelinae. [3] Carmichaelia is named after Captain Dugald Carmichael, a Scottish army officer and botanist who studied New Zealand plants. [5] [2]
Carmichaelia ranges in form from trees to prostrate species a few centimetres high. [5] Mature plants are usually leafless, their leaves replaced by stipules which have fused into scales. [4]
Carmichaelia species are found throughout New Zealand, although the eastern South Island has 15 species endemic to it. Most species have a restricted range within New Zealand. They colonise disturbed ground in shallow, poor soils, drought- and frost-prone areas, and alluvial soils. [3] [6]
The New Zealand brooms are not closely related to the European common broom Cytisus scoparius. Common broom has been introduced to New Zealand, where it is sometimes known as Scotch broom to distinguish it from native species and is classed as a noxious weed because of its invasiveness. [7]
Carmichaelia includes the following species: [4] [8]
Coprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands.
Olearia, most commonly known as daisy-bush, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple.
Clianthus, commonly known as kakabeak, is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, comprising two species of shrubs endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers which resemble the beak of the kākā, a New Zealand parrot. The plants are also known as parrot's beak, parrot's bill and lobster claw – all references to the distinctive flowers. There is also a variety with white to creamy coloured flowers called: "Albus," and a variety with rosy pink flowers called: "Roseus."
Celmisia is a genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs, in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are endemic to New Zealand; several others are endemic to Australia.
Galegeae is a tribe in the flowering plant family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. The tribe is found mostly in the northern hemisphere, but can also be found in Australia, Africa, and South America. Recent molecular phylogenetic work has determined that tribe Galegeae is paraphyletic, and that its members are scattered throughout the IR-lacking clade.
Melicytus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. Hymenanthera is a synonym. It includes 19 species native to Australia, New Zealand, and the southwestern Pacific.
Astelia is a genus of flowering plants in the recently named family Asteliaceae. They are rhizomatous tufted perennials native to various islands in the Pacific, Indian, and South Atlantic Oceans, as well as to Australia and to the southernmost tip of South America. A significant number of the known species are endemic to New Zealand. The species generally grow in forests, swamps and amongst low alpine vegetation; occasionally they are epiphytic.
Pachycladon is a genus of flowering plants of the family Brassicaceae, native to Tasmania and the South Island of New Zealand. It contains the following species:
Carmichaelia stevensonii, the cord broom or weeping broom, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the north east of the South Island of New Zealand. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Carmichaelia muritai, common name coastal tree broom, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand.
Carmichaelia exsul is a flowering plant in the legume family. It is the only species of the genus Carmichaelia found in Australia. The specific epithet means an exile, with reference to it being the only species in its genus native outside New Zealand.
Carmichaelia petriei is a species of New Zealand broom in the genus Carmichaelia. It is endemic to New Zealand. C. petrieis is possibly a host plant for the critically endangered fungus weevil Cerius otagensis.
Carmichaelia juncea, the braided riverbed broom, is a species of New Zealand broom, a prostrate shrub in the family Fabaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. It is extinct over much of its former range, including the North Island.
Carmichaelia astonii is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally vulnerable" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
George Simpson (1880–1952) was a New Zealand naturalist and botanist. He was born in Dunedin, the son of a master builder. He, too, became a builder and valuer, working as Crown Valuer from about 1943 until early 1950. However, he, together with John Scott Simpson, became interested in collecting and growing New Zealand native plants and by 1925 both were well known within the New Zealand botanical community.
Carmichaelia australis, commonly known as the New Zealand common broom or mākaka, is a shrub of the Fabaceae family. It is native to New Zealand and found in both the North and South Islands.
Carmichaelia hollowayi, commonly known as Holloway's broom, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally Critical" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
Carmichaelia williamsii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the North Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "At Risk (relict)" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
Carmichaelia corrugata is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only on the South Island of New Zealand.