Carmichaelia

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New Zealand broom
North Island Broom.jpg
North Island broom, Carmichaelia aligera
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Galegeae
Subtribe: Astragalinae
Genus: Carmichaelia
R.Br. [1] [2]
Type species
Carmichaelia australis
Synonyms
  • ×CarmispartiumM.D.Griffiths
  • ChordospartiumCheeseman
  • CorallospartiumJ.B.Armstr.
  • HuttonellaKirk
  • NotospartiumHook.f.

Carmichaelia (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, Carmichaelia exsul , is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably dispersed there from New Zealand. [3]

Contents

The formerly recognised genera Chordospartium, Corallospartium, Notospartium and Huttonella are now all included in Carmichaelia. [4] [5] The genera Carmichaelia, Clianthus (kakabeak), Montigena (scree pea) and Swainsona comprise the clade Carmichaelinae. [3] Carmichaelia is named after Captain Dugald Carmichael, a Scottish army officer and botanist who studied New Zealand plants. [5] [2]

Carmichaelia ranges in form from trees to prostrate species a few centimetres high. [5] Mature plants are usually leafless, their leaves replaced by stipules which have fused into scales. [4]

Carmichaelia species are found throughout New Zealand, although the eastern South Island has 15 species endemic to it. Most species have a restricted range within New Zealand. They colonise disturbed ground in shallow, poor soils, drought- and frost-prone areas, and alluvial soils. [3] [6]

The New Zealand brooms are not closely related to the European common broom Cytisus scoparius. Common broom has been introduced to New Zealand, where it is sometimes known as Scotch broom to distinguish it from native species and is classed as a noxious weed because of its invasiveness. [7]

Species

C. arborea leaves Carmichaelia.arborea.leaves.jpg
C. arborea leaves
C. arborea fruit Carmichaelia.arborea.ripe.pod.jpg
C. arborea fruit

Carmichaelia includes the following species: [4] [8]

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<i>Clianthus</i> Genus of legumes

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<i>Celmisia</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Carmichaelia stevensonii</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia stevensonii, the cord broom or weeping broom, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the north east of the South Island of New Zealand. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Carmichaelia muritai</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia muritai, common name coastal tree broom, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand.

<i>Carmichaelia exsul</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia exsul is a flowering plant in the legume family. It is the only species of the genus Carmichaelia found in Australia. The specific epithet means an exile, with reference to it being the only species in its genus native outside New Zealand.

<i>Carmichaelia petriei</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia petriei is a species of New Zealand broom in the genus Carmichaelia. It is endemic to New Zealand. C. petrieis is possibly a host plant for the critically endangered fungus weevil Cerius otagensis.

<i>Carmichaelia astonii</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia astonii is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally vulnerable" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carmichaelia appressa</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia appressa is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

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<i>Carmichaelia australis</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia australis, or common broom, is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is native to New Zealand and found in both the North and South Islands. Its conservation status (2018) is "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carmichaelia hollowayi</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia hollowayi is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally Critical" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carmichaelia williamsii</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia williamsii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the North Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "At Risk (relict)" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carmichaelia corrugata</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia corrugata is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only on the South Island of New Zealand.

References

  1. Entry in New Zealand Plants database, Landcare Research. Retrieved on 7 April 2006.
  2. 1 2 Brown, R. (1825) Carmichaelia australis. South-Sea Carmichaelia. The Botanical Register: Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants, Cultivated in British Gardens; with their History and Mode of Treatment 11: 912, 912.
  3. 1 2 3 Wagstaff, Steven J.; Peter B. Heenan; Michael J. Sanderson (1999). "Classification, origins, and patterns of diversification in New Zealand Carmichaelia (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany . 86 (9): 1346–1356. doi: 10.2307/2656781 . JSTOR   2656781. PMID   10487821.
  4. 1 2 3 Heenan, P. B. (1998). "An emended circumscription of Carmichaelia, with new combinations, a key, and notes on hybrids". New Zealand Journal of Botany . 36 (1): 53–63. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512546.
  5. 1 2 3 "Taxonomy of New Zealand native legumes". 2008-07-19. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  6. Weir, Bevan (2006). Systematics, Specificity, and Ecology of New Zealand Rhizobia (Ph.D. thesis). University of Auckland. hdl:2292/394.
  7. Massey University. "Broom". Massey University Weeds Database. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  8. ILDIS species list for Carmichaelia
  9. "Carmichaelia virgata Kirk | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2019-12-08.