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Influenza vaccines,colloquially known as flu shots,are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses. New versions of the vaccines are developed twice a year,as the influenza virus rapidly changes. While their effectiveness varies from year to year,most provide modest to high protection against influenza. Vaccination against influenza began in the 1930s,with large-scale availability in the United States beginning in 1945.
A vaccine adverse event (VAE),sometimes referred to as a vaccine injury,is an adverse event believed to have been caused by vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) knows VAEs as Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI).
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) is a committee within the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that provides advice and guidance on effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases in the U.S. civilian population. The ACIP develops written recommendations for routine administration of vaccines to the pediatric and adult populations,along with vaccination schedules regarding appropriate timing,dosage,and contraindications of vaccines. ACIP statements are official federal recommendations for the use of vaccines and immune globulins in the U.S.,and are published by the CDC.
The Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) is a national association of paediatricians.
The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) is an independent expert advisory committee that advises United Kingdom health departments on immunisation,making recommendations concerning vaccination schedules and vaccine safety. It has a statutory role in England and Wales,and health departments in Scotland and Northern Ireland may choose to accept its advice.
A vaccination policy is a health policy adopted in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease. These policies are generally put into place by state or local governments,but may also be set by private facilities,such as workplaces or schools. Many policies have been developed and implemented since vaccines were first made widely available.
The Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) is a national non-profit organization dedicated to public health.
National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is an advisory committee consisting of multidisciplinary groups of experts responsible for providing information to national governments that is used to make evidence-based decisions regarding vaccine and immunization policy. The majority of industrialized and some developing countries have formally established advisory committees to guide immunization policies;other countries are working towards establishment of such committees.
Noni E. MacDonald is a Canadian physician. She is a Professor in the Department of Pediatrics and former Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Dalhousie University. In 2019,MacDonald was awarded the Order of Nova Scotia and Order of Canada.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Most cases over the course of the pandemic have been in Ontario,Quebec,British Columbia and Alberta. Confirmed cases have been reported in all of Canada's provinces and territories.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia is an ongoing viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On March 15,2020,three presumptive cases in Nova Scotia were announced. All three were travel-related.
Allison Joan McGeer is a Canadian infectious disease specialist in the Sinai Health System,and a professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She also appointed at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and a Senior Clinician Scientist at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,and is a partner of the National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases. McGeer has led investigations into the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Toronto and worked alongside Donald Low. During the COVID-19 pandemic,McGeer has studied how SARS-CoV-2 survives in the air and has served on several provincial committees advising aspects of the Government of Ontario's pandemic response.
Helen Aspasia Petousis-Harris is a New Zealand vaccinologist and associate professor in the Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care at the University of Auckland. She has been involved in research related to vaccination in New Zealand since 1998,with her main areas of focus being vaccine safety and effectiveness. Petousis-Harris has had a variety of lead roles in New Zealand and international organisations that focus on vaccination and is a regular media spokesperson in this field,especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CoVLP was a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Medicago in Canada and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). The product and Medicago,Inc. were owned by Mitsubishi who terminated the company and program in February 2023 due to high international market competition for COVID-19 vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccination in Canada is an ongoing,intergovernmental effort coordinated between the bodies responsible in the Government of Canada to acquire and distribute vaccines to individual provincial and territorial governments who in turn administer authorized COVID-19 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Provinces have worked with local municipal governments,hospital systems,family doctors and independently owned pharmacies to aid in part,or in full with vaccination rollout. The vaccination effort in full is the largest such immunization effort in the nation's history. The vaccination effort began December 14,2020,and is currently ongoing.
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization is an advisory body that provides the Government of Canada with medical and scientific advice relating to human immunization.
The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) is a technical advisory group of the Australian Government. As part of the Department of Health,ATAGI provides advice to the Minister of Health on the immunisation program of Australia and related matters,including the strength of evidence pertaining to existing,new,and emerging vaccines.
Kieran Michael Moore is a Canadian physician and public servant who serves as the current chief medical officer of health of Ontario. Prior to his appointment,he served as the medical officer of health for Kingston,Frontenac,Lennox and Addington from 2017 to 2021.
COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario began in December 2020,when the first doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine were administered. In February 2021,shipments for both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines increased significantly. By May 2021,over 50 percent of Ontarians had received their first dose. By the beginning of 2022,over 80 percent of Ontarians had received their first dose.
Caroline Quach-Thanh is a Canadian pediatric microbiologist,epidemiologist and infectious diseases specialist. She is a professor in the Universitéde Montréal Faculty of Medicine and Medical Lead in the Infection Prevention and Control Unit at CHU Sainte-Justine. She served as the Chair of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,and oversaw the approval process of COVID-19 vaccines in Canada.
References
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- ↑ "Briefing with Public Health Ontario" (PDF). Long-Term Care COVID-19 Commission. 28 September 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ "Meeting with Dr. Shelley Deeks" (PDF). Ontario's Long-Term Care COVID-19 Commission. 8 January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
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- ↑ "Not a shot in the dark: Restoring confidence in vaccine safety" (PDF). CANVax. 9 October 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ "Improving Adult Immunization: Information for health care providers" (PDF). CANVax. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ "Dr. Shelley Deeks". Public Health Ontario. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ "CIC 2018 Final Program" (PDF). Canadian Immunization Conference. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
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- ↑ NCCID • CCNMI (30 December 2020). "Recommendations of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) on the use of the Moderna". YouTube. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Shelley, Deeks (30 December 2020). "Recommendations of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) on the use of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine" (PDF). National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Gillies, Rob (29 March 2021). "Canada pauses AstraZeneca vaccine for under 55". Chicago Daily Herald. Associated Press.
- ↑ "NACI Recommendations on COVID-19 Vaccine Interchangeability". CANVax. 21 June 2021. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness (2 July 2021). "This week, Dr. Shelley Deeks discusses how long the approved COVID-19 vaccines are projected to provide protection. Getting your second dose is..." Facebook. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Nova Scotia Government (9 June 2021). "If I'm young and healthy, why bother getting the vaccine?". Facebook. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Nova Scotia Gov. (@nsgov) (23 June 2021). "This week, Dr. Shelley Deeks discusses the potential side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines". Twitter. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ Nova Scotia Government (17 December 2021). "Dr. Deeks & Dr. Strang COVID-19 Vaccine Q&A For Families". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Communications Nova Scotia (29 October 2021). "Public Health Committed to Monitoring Vaccine Safety". Province of Nova Scotia. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Trucking for Freedom (8 February 2022). "Freedom Convoy 2022: Doctors in support of freedom convoy invitation to Dr. Deeks, Dr. Tam and Dr. Njoo or other doctors and scientists to bring..." Facebook. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ "ACIP Current Membership Roster". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
- ↑ Wilson, Kumanan; Atkinson, Katherine M.; Deeks, Shelley L.; Crowcroft, Natasha S. (1 January 2016). "Improving vaccine registries through mobile technologies: a vision for mobile enhanced Immunization information systems". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 23 (1): 207–211. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv055. ISSN 1527-974X. PMC 7814932 . PMID 26078414.
- ↑ "Using Mobile Technology To Overcome Jurisdictional Challenges To A Coordinated Immunization Policy". Health Affairs . 14 November 2014. doi:10.1377/forefront.20141114.042462.
- ↑ "ImmunizeCA App - Immunize Canada". 12 December 2016. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Government of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (17 February 2022). "Is Ontario prepared for the return of measles?". Funding Decisions Database. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Government of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (17 February 2022). "Burden, cost, and development of asthma related to severe RSV infections". Funding Decisions Database. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ Hawken, Steven; Kwong, Jeffrey C.; Deeks, Shelley L.; Crowcroft, Natasha S.; McGeer, Allison; Ducharme, Robin; Campitelli, Michael A.; Coyle, Doug; Wilson, Kumanan (2015). "Simulation Study of the Effect of Influenza and Influenza Vaccination on Risk of Acquiring Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Volume 21, Number 2—February 2015 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 21 (2): 224–231. doi:10.3201/eid2102.131879. PMC 4313628 . PMID 25625590.
- ↑ Wilson, Kumanan; Duque, Daniel Rodriguez; Murphy, Malia S.Q; Hawken, Steven; Pham-Huy, Anne; Kwong, Jeffrey; Deeks, Shelley L.; Potter, Beth K.; Crowcroft, Natasha S.; Bulman, Dennis E.; Chakraborty, Pranesh (3 June 2018). "T-cell receptor excision circle levels and safety of paediatric immunization: A population-based self-controlled case series analysis". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 14 (6): 1378–1391. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1433971. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 6037463 . PMID 29420131.
- ↑ Hawken, Steven; Ducharme, Robin; Rosella, Laura C.; Benchimol, Eric I.; Langley, Joanne M.; Wilson, Kumanan; Crowcroft, Natasha S.; Halperin, Scott A.; Desai, Shalina; Naus, Monika; Sanford, Carolyn J. (4 March 2017). "Assessing the risk of intussusception and rotavirus vaccine safety in Canada". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 13 (3): 703–710. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1240846. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 5360150 . PMID 27835525.
- ↑ Government of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2020). "Canadian Immunization Research Network: COVID-19 Vaccine Readiness". Funding Decisions Database. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- 1 2 "Dr. Shelley Deeks". Canadian Immunization Research Network. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2022.