Simaba

Last updated

Simaba
Simaba cedron-Semilla.jpg
Simaba cedron-Semilla
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Simaroubaceae
Genus: Simaba
Aubl.
Synonyms [1]
  • ArubaAubl. in Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 293 (1775)
  • PhyllostemaNeck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 301 (1790), opus utique oppr.
  • ZwingeraSchreb. in Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a].: 802 (1791), nom. illeg.

Simaba is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Simaroubaceae. [1]

Contents

Its native range stretches from southern tropical America and Trinidad, across to western tropical Africa to Angola then across to western Malesia. [1]

It was first published by French botanist Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet (1720–1778), in Hist. Pl. Guiane on page 409 in 1775. [1]

Hans Peter Nooteboom (1934–2022) in 1962 (published in 1963), took a very broad view of the genus Quassia L. and included therein various genera including, Hannoa Planch., Odyendyea (Pierre) Engl., Pierreodendron Engl., Samadera Gaertn., SimabaAubl. and Simarouba Aubl. [2] In 2007, molecular analyses of the Simaroubaceae family (Clayton et al., 2007), suggested the splitting up of genera Quassia again, with all Nooteboom's synonyms listed above being resurrected as independent genera. [3]

Species

As accepted by Plants of the World Online; [1]

Distribution

The genus is native to the countries (and regions) of; southern America (within Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela), the Caribbean, (within Trinidad and Tobago), tropical Africa (within Angola, Cabinda (in Angola), Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Zaïre (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) and western Malesia (within Borneo and Sumatra). [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Quassia</i> Genus of plants in the Simaroubaceae family found in the tropics of the world

Quassia is a plant genus in the family Simaroubaceae. Its size is disputed; some botanists treat it as consisting of only one species, Quassia amara from tropical South America, while others treat it in a wide circumscription as a pantropical genus containing up to 40 species of trees and shrubs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saxifragaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the Eudicot order Saxifragales

Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus Saxifraga. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vochysiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order Myrtales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lecythidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the order Ericales

The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa, Asia and Australia.

<i>Zanthoxylum</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Zanthoxylum is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in the subfamily Rutoideae. Several of the species have yellow heartwood, to which their generic name alludes. Several species are cultivated for their use as spices, notably including Sichuan pepper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simaroubaceae</span> Family of plants

The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family. Together with chemical characteristics such as the occurrence of petroselinic acid in Picrasma, in contrast to other members of the family such as Ailanthus, this indicates the existence of a subgroup in the family with Picrasma, Holacantha, and Castela.

<i>Quassia amara</i> Species of tree

Quassia amara, also known as amargo, bitter-ash, bitter-wood, or hombre grande is a species in the genus Quassia, with some botanists treating it as the sole species in the genus. The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus who named it after the first botanist to describe it: the Surinamese freedman Graman Quassi. Q. amara is used as insecticide, in traditional medicine and as additive in the food industry.

<i>Commiphora</i> Genus of flowering plants

The genus of the myrrhs, Commiphora, is the most species-rich genus of flowering plants in the frankincense and myrrh family, Burseraceae. The genus contains approximately 190 species of shrubs and trees, which are distributed throughout the (sub-) tropical regions of Africa, the western Indian Ocean islands, the Arabian Peninsula, India, and South America. The genus is drought-tolerant and common throughout the xerophytic scrub, seasonally dry tropical forests, and woodlands of these regions.

<i>Simaba cedron</i> Species of tree

Simaba cedron, the cedron, is a member of the quassia family, Simaroubaceae, native to Colombia and Central America.

Hannoa is a genus of plant in the family Simaroubaceae. Found in tropical parts of Africa.

<i>Picramnia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Picramnia, the bitterbushes, is a genus of plant considered to be in the family Picramniaceae, but sometimes placed in Simaroubaceae. The name is conserved against the genera Pseudo-brasiliumAdans., and TaririAubl., both which have been rejected.

Pierreodendron is a genus of plants in the family Simaroubaceae.

<i>Anchomanes</i> Genus of flowering plants

Anchomanes is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus is native to tropical Africa.

<i>Culcasia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Culcasia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical Africa. Most of its species are climbers and resemble Cercestis, except that they do not produce flagella.

  1. Culcasia angolensisWelw. ex Schott - western + central Africa from Senegal to Angola
  2. Culcasia annetiiNtépé-Nyamè - Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Liberia
  3. Culcasia bosiiNtépé-Nyamè - Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville
  4. Culcasia brevipetiolataBogner - Gabon
  5. Culcasia caudataEngl. - Zaïre
  6. Culcasia dinklageiEngl - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  7. Culcasia ekongoloiNtépé-Nyamè - central Africa from Nigeria to Zaïre
  8. Culcasia falcifoliaEngl. - central Africa from Gabon east to Tanzania and south to Mozambique
  9. Culcasia glandulosaHepper - Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Congo-Brazzaville
  10. Culcasia insulanaN.E.Br. - Zaïre, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands
  11. Culcasia lanceolataEngl. - Cameroon, Gabon
  12. Culcasia libericaN.E.Br. - Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Togo
  13. Culcasia linearifoliaBogner - Cameroon, Gabon
  14. Culcasia loukandensisPellegr - Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre, Central African Republic
  15. Culcasia mannii(Hook.f.) Engl. - Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea
  16. Culcasia obliquifoliaEngl. - Cameroon, Gabon
  17. Culcasia orientalisMayo - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia
  18. Culcasia panduriformisEngl. & K.Krause - Cameroon, Gabon
  19. Culcasia parvifloraN.E.Br. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  20. Culcasia rotundifoliaBogner - Gabon
  21. Culcasia sanagensisNtépé-Nyamè - Cameroon
  22. Culcasia scandensP.Beauv. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Angola
  23. Culcasia seretiiDe Wild - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  24. Culcasia simiarumNtépé-Nyamè - western Africa from Ivory Coast to Cameroon
  25. Culcasia striolataEngl. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Congo-Brazzaville
  26. Culcasia tenuifoliaEngl. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  27. Culcasia yangambiensisLouis & Mullend. - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre

When the APG II system of plant classification was published in April 2003, fifteen genera and three families were placed incertae sedis in the angiosperms, and were listed in a section of the appendix entitled "Taxa of uncertain position".

<i>Simarouba</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Simarouba is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Simaroubaceae, native to the neotropics. It has been grouped in the subtribe Simaroubina along with the Simaba and Quassia genera. They have compound leaves, with between 1 and 12 pairs of alternate pinnate leaflets. Their flowers are unisexual, relatively small and arranged in large panicles. Plants are dioecious, bearing only male or female flowers. The individual flowers have between 4 and 6 sepals and petals and between 8 and 12 stamens. The fruit is a carpophore and has up to 5 drupaceous mericarps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calamoideae</span> Subfamily of palms

Calamoideae is a subfamily of flowering plant in the palm family found throughout Central America, South America, Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia and Australia. It is represented by 21 genera - containing nearly a quarter of all species in the palm family - including the largest genus, Calamus, the type genus of the group. Only four are found in the New World while the rest are Old World denizens, usually found in equatorial swampland or along tropical coastlines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malmeoideae</span> Subfamily of plants

The Malmeoideae are a subfamily of trees and other plants of the family Annonaceae.

Donella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapotaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Simaba". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  2. Noteboom, Hans Peter (1962). "Generic delimitation in Simaroubaceae tribus Simaroubeae and a conspectus of the genus Quassia L." (PDF). Blumea. XI (2): 509–28. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  3. Clayton, J.W.; Fernando, E.S.; Soltis, P.S.; Soltis, D.E. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the Tree-of-Heaven family (Simaroubaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear markers". Int. J. Plant Sci. 168: 1325–1339.