Sophophora

Sophophora
A male Drosophila melanogaster fly
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Drosophilidae
Subfamily:	Drosophilinae
Genus:	Drosophila
Subgenus:	Sophophora Sturtevant, 1939
Type species
Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830
Species groups
ananassae dentissima dispar fima melanogaster montium obscura populi saltans setifemus willistoni

small Drosophila melanogaster fly.

The paraphyletic subgenus Sophophora of the genus Drosophila was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939. ^[1] It contains the best-known drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster . Sophophora translates as carrier ( phora ) of wisdom ( sophos ). The subgenus is paraphyletic because the genus Lordiphosa ^{[2] [3]} and the species Hirtodrosophila duncani ^{[4] [5]} are also placed within this subgenus.

Phylogeny

Sophophora Old World melanogaster species group montium species group ananassae species group fima species group obscura species group New World willistoni species group saltans species group Lordiphosa Hirtodrosophila duncani

Currently, 10 species groups are recognized, in two main groups, the New World and the Old World ^{[5] [6] [7]}

Old World:

• melanogaster species group (65 species, including D. melanogaster and D. simulans )
• montium species group (88)
• ananassae species group (24)
• obscura species group (44)
• dentissima species group (17)
• fima species group (23)
• dispar species group (2)
• settifemur species group (2)

New World:

• saltans species group (21)
• willistoni species group (23)

Unknown:

• populi species group (2)

References

1. Sturtevant AH (1 March 1939). "On the Subdivision of the Genus Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 25 (3): 137–141. Bibcode:1939PNAS...25..137S. doi:10.1073/PNAS.25.3.137. ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   1077728 . PMID   16577879. Wikidata   Q33744392.
2. Katoh T; Tamura K; Aotsuka T (1 August 2000). "Phylogenetic position of the subgenus Lordiphosa of the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) inferred from alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene sequences". Journal of Molecular Evolution . 51 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1007/S002390010072. ISSN   0022-2844. PMID   10948268. Wikidata   Q47836653.
3. Y.-G. & Toda, M. J. (January 2001). "Polyphyly of Lordiphosa and its relationships in Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)" (PDF). Systematic Entomology . 26 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1046/J.1365-3113.2001.00135.X. ISSN   0307-6970. Wikidata   Q111288747.
4. Patrick O'Grady; Rob Desalle (23 April 2008). "Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)". Biology Letters . 4 (2): 195–9. doi:10.1098/RSBL.2007.0575. ISSN   1744-9561. PMC   2429922 . PMID   18296276. Wikidata   Q24654259.
5. Kim van der Linde; David Houle; Greg S Spicer; Scott J Steppan (1 February 2010). "A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae" (PDF). Genetics Research . 92 (1): 25–38. doi:10.1017/S001667231000008X. ISSN   0016-6723. PMID   20433773. Wikidata   Q34113101.
6. Bächli, G. (1999-2010). TaxoDros: The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available at "Welcome to T a x o D r o S". Archived from the original on 2006-02-09. Retrieved 2006-02-09.
7. Da Lage, J.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Maczkowiak, F., Silvain, J.-F., Cariou, M.-L. & Lachaise, D. (February 2007). "A phylogeny of Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the Drosophila melanogaster species group boundaries". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research . 45 (1): 47–63. doi:10.1111/J.1439-0469.2006.00389.X. ISSN   0947-5745. Wikidata   Q99965976.